采用 3d 技术制造金属产品的前提条件及其应用实例

V. Doroshenko, Olexander Yanchenko
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摘要

本文简要介绍了现代快速成型制造设备、三维技术和该领域的领先企业。这种用于铸造结构建模和优化以及金属产品生产的生产符合工业 4.0 的概念,旨在以最少的人员快速、方便、多变地获得有竞争力的产品,并希望将主体排除在生产技术周期之外,贴近消费者的要求,包括工业和建筑硬件。三维技术包括通过数字化方法优化结构,是降低金属结构成本和重量、减少金属消耗的有效手段。在当前向大规模添加剂生产过渡的阶段,需要在创新的基础上,在工业发展过程中逐步将数字技术与传统技术相结合,这是克服战争时期和战后危机现象的有效机制。在这方面,利用三维技术获得铸造金属结构,特别是根据气化模型进行铸造的金属结构,具有重大机遇。应用三维技术打印金属结构的例子有三个,一个是在制造轻质镂空铸件的过程中,包括打印铸造砂模,另一个是在用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料进行一次性铸造模型的三维铣削过程中。专家认为,作为工业 4.0 的主要推动力之一,三维技术能够与传统技术相媲美,并在不久的将来取代至少一半的现有机器园区和采购设备。关于阻碍企业积极使用 3D 打印机的原因有很多说法,但最常见的限制因素是企业本身不愿重新思考和设计其生产,将其置于数字技术的轨道上;当然,这很困难,但却是保持其竞争力所必需的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PREREQUISITES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 3D TECHNOLOGY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL PRODUCTS AND EXAMPLES OF ITS APPLICATION
A brief overview of modern additive manufacturing equipment, 3D technologies and leading companies in this field is provided. Such production for the modeling and optimization of casting structures and the production of metal products corresponds to the concept of Industry 4.0, aimed at obtaining competitive products quickly, conveniently, variably, with minimal personnel and the desire to exclude the subject from the technological cycle of production, close to the requirements of the consumer, including industrial and construction hardware. 3D technology, which includes the optimization of structures by digital methods, is an effective means of reducing the cost and weight of metal structures, reducing metal consumption. At the current transition stage to mass additive production, there is a need for a gradual combination of digital and traditional technologies in the process of industrial development on an innovative basis, which is an effective mechanism for overcoming the crisis phenomena of the war and post-war periods. In this regard, the use of 3D technology for obtaining cast metal structures, in particular those made by casting according to gasifying models, has significant opportunities. There are three examples of the application of 3D technology for printing metal structures, in the process of manufacturing lightweight openwork castings, which includes printing a foundry sand mold, and during 3D milling of a one-time foundry pattern from polystyrene foam. As one of the key drivers of Industry 4.0, 3D technologies, according to experts, are capable of standing on a par with traditional technologies, and in the near future, replacing at least half of the existing machine park and procurement equipment. There is a lot of talk about what is holding back the active use of 3D printers by enterprises, but the most common limitation is the unwillingness of the enterprises themselves to rethink, engineer their production, put it on the rails of digital technologies; certainly, it is difficult, but necessary to maintain their competitiveness.
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