提高俄罗斯工业精益生产效率的创新方法

Lyudmila Grezina, Yuliya Vertakova
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摘要

文章致力于研究精益生产理念在俄罗斯工业中的应用特点。文章特别关注了利用传统和创新方法持续改进工业业务流程以提高劳动生产率的可能性。本文旨在研究精益生产作为提高俄罗斯企业劳动生产率的一个因素的概念,并开发提高精益生产效率的创新方法。作为研究的一部分,评估了 "劳动生产率 "国家项目的实施对工业效率增长的影响,以及从措施开始获得国家支持时的生产率指数动态。研究考虑了生产率增长领先的地区和黑海中部地区。研究结果表明,总体而言,就 "制造业 "这一经济活动类型而言,劳动生产率指数的增长率在国家项目实施期间为负值;仅在 2020 年出现了跳跃式增长。文章认为,这与项目的实施无关,而是与经济中的总体危机分岔情况有关。 文章指出,那些在国家和行业社会经济普遍不稳定的情况下仍然取得成功的地区的经验值得仔细研究。文章在总结最佳做法的同时,系统地介绍了精益生产的主要方法,并特别关注了不仅可用于工业,还可用于各类经济活动的创新方法。对参与实施 "劳动生产率 "国家项目的黑海中部地区多家工业企业的专家代表的意见进行了调查,从而有可能归纳出精益生产的生产方法,并找出在俄罗斯工业中应用精益生产概念的主要问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
INNOVATIVE METHODS THAT INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF LEAN PRODUCTION IN RUSSIAN INDUSTRY
The article is devoted to the study of the features of the application of the lean manufacturing concept in Russian industry. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of increasing labor productivity using traditional and innovative methods of continuous improvement of business processes in industry. The purpose of this article is to study the concepts of lean production as a factor in increasing labor productivity of Russian companies and to develop innovative methods that increase the efficiency of lean production. As part of the study, an assessment was made of the impact of the implementation of the National Project “Labor Productivity” on the growth of industrial efficiency, the dynamics of the productivity index from the moment the measures began state support. The regions leading in productivity growth and the regions of the Central Black Sea Region are considered. The results of the study show that in general, for the type of economic activity “Manufacturing”, the growth rate of the labor productivity index is negative during the implementation of the national project; there is only a jump in 2020. It is suggested that this is not related to the implementation of the project, but to the general crisis bifurcation situation in economics. The article shows that the experience of those regions that have achieved success despite the general socio-economic instability in the country and industry deserves a closer look. Summarizing best practices, the article systematizes the main methods of lean production, paying special attention to innovative methods that can be used not only in industry, but also in all types of economic activity. A survey was conducted of the opinions of specialists representing a number of industrial enterprises of the Central Black Sea Region involved in the implementation of the National Project “Labor Productivity”, this made it possible to generalize productive methods of lean production and identify the main problems in applying the concept of lean production in Russian industry.
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