A Comparative Study of Two Resonance Frequency Analysis Instruments

Primary implant stability (PIS) depends on the surgical technique, implant design, and the characteristics of the recipient bone, among other factors. This paper aims to study different parameters (recipient bone characteristics like bone density (BD) and mean alveolar crest width (MACW)) that may be related to implant primary stability outcomes. With that, it can be determined if they are reliable PIS methods and guide treatment decisions for successful implant outcomes. Thirty-five dental implants (25 BTI Interna® CORE and 10 Bioner Top DM) were placed in 10 patients in 2022 and 2023. All of them underwent Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans to obtain values for MACW and BD. PIS measurements used were implant stability quotient (ISQ) obtained through different resonance frequency analysis (RFA) methods (Osstell® ISQ and Penguin RFA®) and insertion torque (IT). The results for the following variables showed significance at p<0.001 and p<0.05. Highly significant relationships were observed between Osstell and Penguin RFA values (p<0.001). Regarding IT, a direct proportional relationship with ISQ was observed (p<0.05). PIS, as measured by ISQ and IT, did not show a significant correlation with the mean alveolar crest width of the edentulous ridge measured by CBCT, suggesting that wide or narrow alveolar crests did not have an effect on rotational or lateral PIS in both implant groups. The most significant predictor of lateral and rotational PIS in our patients was the Hounsfield Units (HU) value 0.5 mm away from the implant placement area (p<0.001) and (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, non-invasive PIS methods could be considered as a guide for clinicians in treatment decision-making and implant success. However, further research is needed to predict PIS.