烧伤疾病的肾损伤。第 1 部分:病理形态生理学(文献综述病理形态生理学(文献综述)

PhD Vasyl Yekhalov, O. V. Kravets, V. V. Gorbuntsov, D. Krishtafor
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摘要

急性肾损伤(AKI)是烧伤重症患者常见的并发症,与严重的不良后果相关,包括住院时间延长、发展为慢性肾病以及死亡风险增加。重症监护室中烧伤患者的 AKI 发生率为 38(30-46)%。烧伤总面积的高比例和一些个体易感因素被认为是导致 AKI 的主要风险因素。在烧伤疾病和肾脏损伤的共同作用下,机体的病理生理和形态变化与某些病理学形式的经典病理过程存在一定差异。尽管近年来液体复苏、重症监护和肾脏替代治疗技术取得了重大进展,但此类患者的发病率和死亡率仍然相当高。更好地了解临床特征,早期发现和预防烧伤肾损伤的危险因素,并及时进行医疗干预,可以有效降低发病率和病理过程的进展,从长远来看还能优化预后。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Kidney damage in burn disease. Part 1. Pathomorphophysiology (literature review)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill burn patients and is associated with serious adverse outcomes, including increased length of hospital stay, development of chronic kidney disease, and increased risk of mortality. The incidence of AKI among burn patients in the intensive care units is 38 (30–46) %. A high percentage of the total burn surface area and a number of individual predisposing factors are considered to be the leading risk factors for AKI. Pathophysiological and morphological changes in the body under the combination of burn disease and kidney damage have certain discrepancies with the classical course of the pathological process in some nosological forms. Despite significant progress in the technologies of fluid resuscitation, intensive care and renal replacement therapy in recent years, the morbidity and mortality rate in such patients remain quite significant. A better understanding of clinical characteristics, early detection and prevention of risk factors for kidney damage in burns, as well as timely medical intervention can effectively reduce morbidity and progression of the pathological process, and also optimize the prognosis in the long run.
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