乌克兰民间笑话的体裁和风格标志

Olena Yemelyanova, Svitlana Baranova, Iryna Kobyakova
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摘要

本文主要研究乌克兰社会和家庭民间笑话,这些笑话包含有关人们生活、习惯、风俗、传统和关系的信息,并嘲笑乌克兰人的弱点。研究材料包括 311 个 19 世纪下半叶至 20 世纪初的民间笑话。这些笑话选自 M.V. Nagornyi 的作品集(1940 年)和《乌克兰民间讽刺和幽默》一书(1959 年)。研究的目的是研究乌克兰民间笑话的主要体裁和风格标志。我们注意到,乌克兰民间笑话具有对话形式。还提到了乌克兰人自嘲式幽默的悠久传统。所研究文本的文体特征是选择带有小词后缀的词汇、广泛的表达方式以及作为实现幽默效果基础的文体手段。事实证明,在给予正面或负面评价的民间笑话中,小词后缀具有特定的特征。乌克兰社会和家庭民间笑话(其中一些以笑话故事的形式出现)的特点是准确、诙谐的表达方式、简洁和动态的情节结构。未来的研究可能包括详细研究第三个千年乌克兰社会和家庭笑话的特殊性,重点是其语言和语言外特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Genre and stylistic markers of Ukrainian folk jokes
This article focuses on the study of Ukrainian social and domestic folk jokes that contain information about the life of people, their habits, customs, traditions, and relations, and ridicule the weak sides of Ukrainians. The research material comprises 311 folk jokes that date back to the second part of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century. They are selected from the collection by M.V. Nagornyi (1940) and the book of Ukrainian folk satire and humour (1959). The goal of the research is to study the main genre and stylistic markers of Ukrainian folk jokes. It is noted that Ukrainian folk jokes have a form of dialogue. Ukrainians’ longstanding tradition of self-deprecating humour is also mentioned. The stylistic markers of the texts under consideration are the choice of vocabulary with diminutive suffixes, a wide range of expressive means, and stylistic devices that are a basis for achieving humorous effects. Diminutive suffixes are proved to have acquired specific characteristics in folk jokes giving positive or negative evaluation. Ukrainian social and domestic folk jokes, some of which take the form of joke-stories, are distinguished by precision, witty expression, and concise and dynamically constructed plot. The future research might involve the detailed study of the peculiarities of the Ukrainian social and domestic jokes of the third millennium, focusing on their linguistic and extra-linguistic features.
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