马铃薯种植革命:巴基斯坦重塑晚疫病防治的动态创新

Saadullah Khan, Arsalan Iqbal, Osama Alam, Sawaira Khan, Ummul Falah, Hashim Ali Hashmi, Qasim Khan, Sumbal Ghani, Faheem Ullah, Ibrahim Khan
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摘要

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是世界上种植最广泛的作物之一,巴基斯坦的气候有利于马铃薯的生产和种植。尽管马铃薯易于种植,而且劳动力供应充足,但与印度和孟加拉国等邻近国家相比,巴基斯坦的马铃薯产量仍未达到令人满意的水平。巴基斯坦马铃薯产量低的原因是多种生物和非生物胁迫,这些胁迫引发了多种病原性疾病,如早疫病、细菌性枯萎病、病毒感染、线虫侵染和晚疫病。晚疫病是全球最可怕的马铃薯病害之一。它是由真菌 Phytophthora infestans 引起的,而 Phytophthora infestans 对杀菌剂有很强的适应性。长期以来,人们一直在使用几种杀菌剂来防治这种病害,但由于长期不加选择地使用这些杀菌剂,它已经产生了高度抗药性菌株,最终可能给作物造成巨大损失。为此,科学家们培育出了不同的马铃薯品种,如Setanta、Nicola、Cara和Acoustic等,它们对晚疫病具有很强的抗性。同样,还采用了栽培方法来防治晚疫病。本文概述了晚疫病对马铃薯种植的影响,并探讨了通过施用合成杀真菌剂减少晚疫病造成的产量损失的各种策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Revolutionizing Potato Farming: Dynamic Innovations Reshaping Late Blight Control in Pakistan
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated crops around the world, and Pakistan’s weather favor production and cultivation. Despite the ease of cultivating potatoes and the nominal labor supplies, Pakistan’s output of potatoes has not yet achieved a promising level when compared to nearby nations like India and Bangladesh. The crop's low production in Pakistan is caused by several biotic and abiotic stresses that instigated several pathogenic diseases such as early blight, bacterial wilt, viral infections, nematode infestations and late blight. Late blight disease is one of the most dreaded diseases of potatoes globally. It is caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans which is highly adaptive to fungicides. Several fungicides have been in use against this disease for a long time, however, it has developed a high degree of resistant strains to these fungicides due to their unselective use over time and ultimately may cause colossal losses to the crop. In response, scientists have developed different potato varieties like Setanta, Nicola, Cara and Acoustic that are highly resistant to late blight. Similarly, cultural methods are also employed to combat late blight disease. This article provides an overview of the implications of late blight disease in potato cultivation and explores various strategies to reduce yield losses brought on by this disease via the application of synthetic fungicides.
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