两个热平衡系统中分子碰撞特性的微观推导

IF 0.8 4区教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES

American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1119/5.0128644

Tongli Wei, Xiansheng Cao

{"title":"两个热平衡系统中分子碰撞特性的微观推导","authors":"Tongli Wei, Xiansheng Cao","doi":"10.1119/5.0128644","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The mean relative speed and relative speed distribution function of molecules play important roles in kinetics and related topics. College textbooks frequently present a simplified derivation of these quantities that, while yielding the correct result, are not well justified. This paper presents a detailed physical picture of collision-related processes based on the microscopic kinetic theory. Formulas for the mean relative speed and mean collision rate along with the relative speed distribution function and the distribution function of relative speed of the paired particles in collisions (collision possible distribution function) are derived for molecules from two different systems that are each at thermal equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":"26 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microscopic derivation of the collision properties of molecules in two systems at thermal equilibrium\",\"authors\":\"Tongli Wei, Xiansheng Cao\",\"doi\":\"10.1119/5.0128644\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The mean relative speed and relative speed distribution function of molecules play important roles in kinetics and related topics. College textbooks frequently present a simplified derivation of these quantities that, while yielding the correct result, are not well justified. This paper presents a detailed physical picture of collision-related processes based on the microscopic kinetic theory. Formulas for the mean relative speed and mean collision rate along with the relative speed distribution function and the distribution function of relative speed of the paired particles in collisions (collision possible distribution function) are derived for molecules from two different systems that are each at thermal equilibrium.\",\"PeriodicalId\":7589,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Physics\",\"volume\":\"26 16\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Physics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0128644\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"教育学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0128644","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

摘要

分子的平均相对速度和相对速度分布函数在动力学和相关课题中发挥着重要作用。大学教科书经常对这些量进行简化推导，虽然结果正确，但理由不充分。本文以微观动力学理论为基础，详细介绍了碰撞相关过程的物理图景。针对分别处于热平衡状态的两个不同体系的分子，推导了平均相对速度和平均碰撞率的公式，以及相对速度分布函数和碰撞中成对粒子相对速度的分布函数（碰撞可能分布函数）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Microscopic derivation of the collision properties of molecules in two systems at thermal equilibrium

The mean relative speed and relative speed distribution function of molecules play important roles in kinetics and related topics. College textbooks frequently present a simplified derivation of these quantities that, while yielding the correct result, are not well justified. This paper presents a detailed physical picture of collision-related processes based on the microscopic kinetic theory. Formulas for the mean relative speed and mean collision rate along with the relative speed distribution function and the distribution function of relative speed of the paired particles in collisions (collision possible distribution function) are derived for molecules from two different systems that are each at thermal equilibrium.

求助全文

通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。去求助

来源期刊

American Journal of Physics 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

1.80

自引率

11.10%

发文量

146

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the American Journal of Physics (AJP) is to publish articles on the educational and cultural aspects of physics that are useful, interesting, and accessible to a diverse audience of physics students, educators, and researchers. Our audience generally reads outside their specialties to broaden their understanding of physics and to expand and enhance their pedagogical toolkits at the undergraduate and graduate levels.