评估各国在实现健康权方面的行为:利用联合国框架

IF 1.2 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
Fatemeh Kokabisaghi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的 健康是一项人权,也是可持续发展、经济繁荣和减贫的基石。要实现人民的健康权,就必须评估健康权的状况及其决定因素。本文旨在分析伊朗在实现人民健康权方面的行为。 设计/方法/途径 采用定性案例研究设计,对相关法律、政策文件、报告和学术文献进行结构性审查。数据收集自电子数据库以及联合国和伊朗政府的官方网页,并根据联合国建议的框架进行分析。 研究结果 伊朗的法律和政策旨在消除健康方面的不平等,为每个人,尤其是弱势群体和个人提供适足的生活水平。然而,并非所有保护弱势群体的法律和政策都得到了充分执行。不同社会经济群体的健康状况和获得医疗保健的机会存在差异。国际经济制裁和政府政策削弱了人们获得包括医疗保健在内的生活必需品的能力。此外,健康的社会决定因素,如有关妇女权利的文化信仰,也没有在国家法律中得到充分解决。 研究局限性/启示 本研究涵盖了广泛的主题,概述了伊朗的医疗保健系统。然而,还需要更多细节来描述健康权的方方面面。本文无法对所有方面进行阐述,因此需要进行更多的研究。此外,与大多数定性研究一样,本研究的设计也存在局限性。首先,叙事评论的研究质量取决于研究者的技能,更容易受到其个人偏见的影响。其次,严谨性更难保持、评估和展示。不过,叙事研究往往是对定量研究的补充,并能提供信息。 原创性/价值 为实现健康权,伊朗应提高医疗服务的可负担性和质量,并改善健康决定因素的状况。需要找出人们在获得医疗保健方面存在的差距,并分配一切必要手段和稀缺资源,以消除获得医疗保健的障碍,改善弱势群体的状况。建议采取成本相对较低的有针对性的方案,妥善管理资源,避免不必要的费用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The assessment of national conduct in realizing the right to heath: using the framework of United Nations
Purpose Health is a human right and a fundamental building block of sustainable development, economic prosperity and poverty reduction. To realize people’s right to health, evaluating the situation of the right and its determinants is necessary. This paper aims to analyze Iran’s conduct in realizing its population’s right to health. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study design involving a structured review of relevant laws, policy documents, reports and academic literature was undertaken. The data were collected from electronic databases and the official Web pages of the United Nations (UN) and Iran’s Government and analyzed by a framework suggested by the UN. Findings Iran’s law and policies intend to combat health inequalities and to provide an adequate standard of living for everyone, particularly disadvantaged groups and individuals. However, not all laws and policies protecting disadvantaged groups are adequately implemented. There are disparities in health status and access to health care among different socio-economic groups. International economic sanctions and government policies decreased people’s ability to access the necessities of life including health care. Moreover, social determinants of health, such as cultural beliefs regarding women’s rights have not been addressed sufficiently in the country’s laws. Research limitations/implications This study includes a broad range of subjects and provides an overview of the health-care system of Iran. However, more detail is needed to describe every aspect of the right to health. It was not feasible to address them all in this paper and needs more research. In addition, as with the majority of qualitative studies, the design of the current study is subject to limitations. Firstly, the research quality of narrative reviews is dependent on the researcher’ skills and more easily can be influenced by his/her personal biases. Second, the rigor is more difficult to maintain, assess and demonstrate. Nevertheless, narrative studies often complement quantitative studies and are informative. Originality/value To fulfill the right to health, Iran should improve affordability and quality of care and the situation of the determinants of health. The gaps in people’s access to health care need to be identified, and all necessary means and scarce resources be allocated to remove access barriers and to improve the situation of disadvantaged people. The adoption of relatively low-cost targeted programs, the proper management of resources and the prevention of unnecessary costs are suggested.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
7.10%
发文量
48
期刊介绍: nternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare (IJHRH) is an international, peer reviewed journal with a unique practical approach to promoting race equality, inclusion and human rights in health and social care. The journal publishes scholarly and double blind peer-reviewed papers of the highest standard, including case studies and book reviews. IJHRH aims include: -To explore what is currently known about discrimination and disadvantage with a particular focus on health and social care -Push the barriers of the human rights discourse by identifying new avenues for healthcare practice and policy internationally -Create bridges between policymakers, practitioners and researchers -Identify and understand the social determinants of health equity and practical interventions to overcome barriers at national and international levels. The journal welcomes papers which use varied approaches, including discussion of theory, comparative studies, systematic evaluation of interventions, analysis of qualitative data and study of health and social care institutions and the political process. Papers published in IJHRH: -Clearly demonstrate the implications of the research -Provide evidence-rich information -Provoke reflection and support critical analysis of both challenges and strengths -Share examples of best practice and ‘what works’, including user perspectives IJHRH is a hugely valuable source of information for researchers, academics, students, practitioners, managers, policy-makers, commissioning bodies, social workers, psychologists, nurses, voluntary sector workers, service users and carers internationally.
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