技术采用与杂草出现动态:非洲玉米-豆科植物系统的社会生态建模

IF 3.6 2区 社会学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Timothy R. Silberg, Robert B. Richardson, Cosme P. Borges, Laura K. Schmitt Olabisi, Maria Claudia Lopez, Marcia Grisotti, Vimbayi G. P. Chimonyo, Bruno Basso, Karen A. Renner
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引用次数: 0

摘要

玉米(Zea mays)与豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L.)间作等生态做法已得到推广,以防治Striga(Striga asiatica)等寄生杂草。非洲各地一直在推广间作套种,将其作为一种控制Striga的做法(SCP)和粮食安全措施。尽管过去做出了努力,但数百万小农(玉米种植面积小于 2 公顷)仍在努力实施 SCP。阻碍实施 SCP 的社会和生态因素在文献中都有详细记载,但其背后的相互作用仍然难以捉摸。系统动力学建模可以揭示这些相互作用,并评估它们对间作率和 Striga 出现的影响。本研究采用参与式混合方法,以创新扩散和资源库动态这两种理论为基础,建立了一个系统动态模型。该模型估算了在实施各种干预措施时,出现 Striga 的间作田的数量。根据模型模拟,如果不颁布新政策支持间作套种,到 2036 年,Striga 有可能蔓延到 262.5 万块玉米田,寄生于马拉维中部近 75% 的小农农场。通过参与式方法,我们对几项政策进行了评估,其中一项政策使足够多的采用者将Striga的出现限制在小于500,000块田地,减少了杂草对粮食安全的威胁。这项政策考虑到投入成本和不稳定的降雨量可能导致放弃采用,因此通过提供化肥补贴和示范田,支持连续五到六年实施间作套种。在这项研究中,我们的参与式方法表明,我们开发的模型可以突出社会生态系统中的相互作用、其杠杆点以及如何利用它们来制定有效的粮食安全政策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Technology adoption and weed emergence dynamics: social ecological modeling for maize-legume systems across Africa

Ecological practices such as intercropping maize (Zea mays) with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) have been promoted to combat parasitic weeds like Striga (Striga asiatica). Intercropping has been promoted across Africa as a Striga control practice (SCP) and food security measure. Despite past efforts, millions of smallholder farmers (cultivating < 2 ha of maize) still struggle to implement SCPs. Social and ecological factors that prevent SCP implementation are well documented in the literature, but their underlying interactions have remained elusive. System dynamics modeling can uncover these interactions and assess their effect on intercropping rates as well as Striga emergence. This study presents a participatory mixed methods approach to build a system dynamics model based on two theories: diffusion of innovations and resource pool dynamics. The model estimates the population of fields where Striga emerged in response to intercropped fields when various interventions were implemented. According to model simulations, if new policies are not enacted to support intercropping, Striga is likely to spread to 2,625,000 maize fields, parasitizing almost 75% of smallholder farms across Central Malawi by 2036. The participatory approach allowed us to evaluate several policies, one of which sustained enough adopters to limit Striga emergence to < 500,000 fields, reducing the weed’s threat to food security. This policy considers how input costs and erratic rainfall can lead to disadoption, therefore, supporting the implementation of five to six consecutive years of intercropping by providing both fertilizer subsidies and demonstration plots. In this study, our participatory approach has shown to develop a model that can highlight interactions in social ecological systems, their leverage points, and how they can be exploited to develop effective food security policies.

The post Technology adoption and weed emergence dynamics: social ecological modeling for maize-legume systems across Africa first appeared on Ecology & Society.

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来源期刊
Ecology and Society
Ecology and Society 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
109
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Ecology and Society is an electronic, peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary journal devoted to the rapid dissemination of current research. Manuscript submission, peer review, and publication are all handled on the Internet. Software developed for the journal automates all clerical steps during peer review, facilitates a double-blind peer review process, and allows authors and editors to follow the progress of peer review on the Internet. As articles are accepted, they are published in an "Issue in Progress." At four month intervals the Issue-in-Progress is declared a New Issue, and subscribers receive the Table of Contents of the issue via email. Our turn-around time (submission to publication) averages around 350 days. We encourage publication of special features. Special features are comprised of a set of manuscripts that address a single theme, and include an introductory and summary manuscript. The individual contributions are published in regular issues, and the special feature manuscripts are linked through a table of contents and announced on the journal''s main page. The journal seeks papers that are novel, integrative and written in a way that is accessible to a wide audience that includes an array of disciplines from the natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities concerned with the relationship between society and the life-supporting ecosystems on which human wellbeing ultimately depends.
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