综合运用稳定同位素和因子分析,确定约旦安曼-扎尔卡盆地西北部的地下水出处和污染源

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Mutawakil Obeidat, Ahmad Al-Ajlouni, Eman Bani-Khaled, Muheeb Awawdeh, Muna Abu-Dalo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在全球范围内,硝酸盐对地下水的污染是最普遍的环境问题之一,尤其是在干旱和半干旱地区,这些地区的降雨量和地下水补给量都很低。地下水的稳定同位素组成(δ2H-H2O 和 δ18O-H2O)和溶解硝酸盐({\delta ^{15}}{\rm{N}} - {\rm{N}}{\rm{O}}_{3^ -和({\delta ^{18}}{\rm{O}} - {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{3^ - }}}),并应用因子分析(FA)来探索地下水的来源、污染和化学演变。在这项研究中,我们于 2021 年从下阿杰隆含水层采集了 23 个样本,包括 1 个地下水井样本和 22 个泉水样本。\({/rm{HC}}{/rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\)、Cl-、({/rm{S}}{/rm{O}}_4}^{2- }}\) 和({/rm{N}}{/rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) 以及地下水和溶解硝酸盐的稳定同位素组成。结果表明,研究区域的地下水主要为 Ca-Mg-HCO3 型,可分为淡水、硬水和极硬水。硝酸盐({\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}})的范围和平均浓度分别为 3.5-230.8 毫克/升和 50.9 毫克/升。约 33% 的采样点的δ({\rm{N}}{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}/L 含量超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)饮用水水质指南规定的最高允许浓度 50.0 mg/L。δ18O-H2O和δ2H-H2O的数值表明,研究区域的地下水是当前水循环的一部分,源于地中海,具有显著的蒸发、地貌和水量效应。稳定同位素组成的值({\rm{N}}{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}对应于({\delta ^{15}}{\rm{N}} - {\rm{N}}{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}})和({\delta ^{15}}{\rm{O}} - {\rm{N}}{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}。粪便或粪便废弃物和土壤硝化过程中产生的值({\rm{N}}{\rm{H}}_4}^ + \)。对水化学参数和同位素数据进行的因子分析得出了三个主要因子,因子 1、因子 2 和因子 3 分别占总方差的 50%、21% 和 11%。因子 1 被认为是人为因素,命名为 "污染因子";因子 2 被认为是自然因素,命名为 "保守指纹因子";因子 3 被认为是自然因素,命名为 "硬度因子"。这项研究将有助于当地研究人员可持续地管理研究地区以及世界上其他类似干旱和半干旱地区的地下水。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Integrating stable isotopes and factor analysis to delineate the groundwater provenance and pollution sources in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin, Jordan

Globally, groundwater contamination by nitrate is one of the most widespread environmental problems, particularly in arid and semiarid areas, which are characterized by low amounts of rainfall and groundwater recharge. The stable isotope composition of groundwater (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O) and dissolved nitrate (\({\delta ^{15}}{\rm{N}} - {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) and \({\delta ^{18}}{\rm{O}} - {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\)) and factor analysis (FA) were applied to explore groundwater provenance, pollution, and chemistry evolution in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin, Jordan. In this study, we collected 23 samples from the Lower Ajloun aquifer in 2021, including 1 sample from a groundwater well and 22 samples from springs. These samples were tested for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, the concentration of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, \({\rm{HC}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\), Cl, \({\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}^{2 - }\), and \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\)), and the stable isotope composition of groundwater and dissolved nitrate. The results revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly Ca–Mg–HCO3 type and can be classified as fresh water, hard water, and very hard water. The range and average concentration of \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) were 3.5–230.8 and 50.9 mg/L, respectively. Approximately 33% of the sampling points showed \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) levels above the maximum allowable concentration of 50.0 mg/L set by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The values of δ18O-H2O and δ2H-H2O showed that groundwater in the study area is part of the current water cycle, originating in the Mediterranean Sea, with significant evaporation, orographic, and amount effects. The values of the stable isotope composition of \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) corresponded to \({\delta ^{15}}{\rm{N}} - {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) and \({\delta ^{18}}{\rm{O}} - {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{{3^ - }}}\) values produced by the nitrification process of manure or septic waste and soil \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4}^ + \). The FA performed on the hydrochemical parameters and isotope data resulted in three main factors, with Factor 1, Factor 2, and Factor 3, accounting for 50%, 21%, and 11% of the total variance, respectively. Factor 1 was considered human-induced factor, named “pollution factor”, whereas Factor 2, named “conservative fingerprint factor”, and Factor 3, named “hardness factor”, were considered natural factors. This study will help local researchers manage groundwater sustainably in the study area and other similar arid and semiarid areas in the world.

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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
768
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Land is an international peer-reviewed journal co-sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press. It aims to meet the needs of researchers, students and practitioners in sustainable development and eco-environmental management, focusing on the arid and semi-arid lands in Central Asia and the world at large. The Journal covers such topics as the dynamics of natural resources (including water, soil and land, organism and climate), the security and sustainable development of natural resources, and the environment and the ecology in arid and semi-arid lands, especially in Central Asia. Coverage also includes interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, and the relationship between these natural processes and human activities. Also discussed are patterns of geography, ecology and environment; ecological improvement and environmental protection; and regional responses and feedback mechanisms to global change. The Journal of Arid Land also presents reviews, brief communications, trends and book reviews of work on these topics.
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