国际林木种子流动的生物安全风险

IF 9 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Iva Franić, Michelle Cleary, Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya, Helena Bragança, Guro Brodal, Thomas L. Cech, Anne Chandelier, Tuğba Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi, René Eschen, Asko Lehtijärvi, Michael Ormsby, Simone Prospero, Katharina Schwanda, Katarzyna Sikora, Hanna Szmidla, Venche Talgø, Miłosz Tkaczyk, Anna Maria Vettraino, Ana Perez-Sierra
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述目的由于树木种子一直被认为是植物病原真菌传播的低风险途径,因此其国际流通不受严格的植物检疫监管。然而,最近的研究提供了科学证据,表明种子贸易的生物安全风险可能并不像假设的那样可以忽略不计。本综述总结了目前有关全球种子贸易活动和种子传播植物病原真菌的知识,并强调了需要填补的知识空白,以降低通过种子传播树木病原体的风险。事实上,基于现代测序技术的最新研究表明,树木种子中蕴藏着高度多样化的真菌群落,包括众所周知的病原体和属于未知物种的真菌类群。尽管人们已经清楚,即使表面上健康的种子也可能携带潜在的致病真菌,但种子携带的病原体被引入并在新环境中确立、传播和造成影响的可能性仍不明确,这对评估种子贸易带来的植物检疫风险提出了挑战。根据已发表的文献,通过树木种子流动传播病原真菌的风险很高。然而,人们对与种子相关的、在分类和功能上具有多样性的真菌群落的作用仍然知之甚少。特别是,需要进行更多的研究,以评估种子传播的真菌传播到幼苗、在新环境中传播并造成影响的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The Biosecurity Risks of International Forest Tree Seed Movements

The Biosecurity Risks of International Forest Tree Seed Movements

Purpose of Review

Because tree seeds have been considered a low-risk pathway for the spread of plant pathogenic fungi, their international movement is not subject to strict phytosanitary regulation. However, recent studies have provided scientific evidence that the biosecurity risk of seed trade may not be as negligible as assumed. This review summarises current knowledge about seed trade activity across the world and seed-borne plant pathogenic fungi and highlights knowledge gaps that need to be filled to mitigate the risk of spreading tree pathogens via seeds.

Recent Findings

Several outbreaks of severe tree diseases in natural forests and plantations worldwide have been linked to fungal pathogens spread by seed trade. Indeed, recent studies based on modern sequencing technologies have shown that tree seeds harbour highly diverse fungal communities, including well-known pathogens and fungal taxa belonging to unknown species. While it has become clear that even apparently healthy seeds can carry potentially pathogenic fungi, the likelihood of seed-borne pathogens being introduced and becoming established, spreading and causing impact in the new environment is still unclear which challenges the assessment of the phytosanitary risk posed by seed trade.

Summary

Our analyses show that large amounts of tree seeds have been traded among countries and continents. Based on published literature, the risk of spreading pathogenic fungi via tree seed movement is high. However, the role of the taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal communities associated with seeds is still poorly understood. In particular, more research is needed to assess the likelihood of seed-borne fungi being transmitted to the seedlings and spreading and causing impact in the new environment.

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来源期刊
Current Forestry Reports
Current Forestry Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
15.90
自引率
2.10%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Current Forestry Reports features in-depth review articles written by global experts on significant advancements in forestry. Its goal is to provide clear, insightful, and balanced contributions that highlight and summarize important topics for forestry researchers and managers. To achieve this, the journal appoints international authorities as Section Editors in various key subject areas like physiological processes, tree genetics, forest management, remote sensing, and wood structure and function. These Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that focus on new developments and recently published papers of great importance. Moreover, an international Editorial Board evaluates the yearly table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their specific country or region, and ensures that the topics are up-to-date and include emerging research.
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