{"title":"比较艾塞那肽、恩格列净、槲皮素以及这几种药物的复方制剂对 2 型糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病作用。","authors":"Yasemin Korkmaz, Burak Dik","doi":"10.1111/fcp.12975","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease that involves extended treatment, is rapidly increasing in humans and animals worldwide.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>This study aimed to compare monotherapy and combined therapy of exenatide, empagliflozin, and quercetin in 67 Wistar Albino male rats.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>The animals were divided into the following seven groups: healthy control, diabetes control, diabetes + sham, diabetes + exenatide (10 μg/kg), diabetes + empagliflozin (50 mg/kg), diabetes + quercetin (50 mg/kg), and diabetes + combination treatment. The treatments were continued for 8 weeks.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>At the end of the experiment, glucose and HbA1c levels decreased with all monotherapy treatments and the combination treatments, while insulin levels increased with exenatide and combined treatments. Adiponectin levels increased with empagliflozin, quercetin, and combined treatments, while leptin levels decreased only with combined treatments. All monotherapies caused an increase in total antioxidant levels. Exenatide and quercetin treatments reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; therewithal, exenatide and combined treatments increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Triglyceride levels decreased in all treatment groups. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level decreased with the combined treatment; on the contrary, the homeostatic model assessment for β-cell activity (HOMA-β) level increased with empagliflozin, exenatide, and combined treatments.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>In conclusion, the antidiabetic effects of exenatide were more pronounced than empagliflozin and quercetin, however, the combined treatment had better antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects than monotherapies. Quercetin could be a supportive or food supplement antidiabetic agent. The exenatide treatment can be recommended for monotherapy in type 2 patients, and the combination of empagliflozin, exenatide, and quercetin may be effective in diabetic patients who need combined therapy.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The comparison of the antidiabetic effects of exenatide, empagliflozin, quercetin, and combination of the drugs in type 2 diabetic rats\",\"authors\":\"Yasemin Korkmaz, Burak Dik\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/fcp.12975\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease that involves extended treatment, is rapidly increasing in humans and animals worldwide.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>This study aimed to compare monotherapy and combined therapy of exenatide, empagliflozin, and quercetin in 67 Wistar Albino male rats.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>The animals were divided into the following seven groups: healthy control, diabetes control, diabetes + sham, diabetes + exenatide (10 μg/kg), diabetes + empagliflozin (50 mg/kg), diabetes + quercetin (50 mg/kg), and diabetes + combination treatment. The treatments were continued for 8 weeks.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>At the end of the experiment, glucose and HbA1c levels decreased with all monotherapy treatments and the combination treatments, while insulin levels increased with exenatide and combined treatments. Adiponectin levels increased with empagliflozin, quercetin, and combined treatments, while leptin levels decreased only with combined treatments. All monotherapies caused an increase in total antioxidant levels. Exenatide and quercetin treatments reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; therewithal, exenatide and combined treatments increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Triglyceride levels decreased in all treatment groups. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level decreased with the combined treatment; on the contrary, the homeostatic model assessment for β-cell activity (HOMA-β) level increased with empagliflozin, exenatide, and combined treatments.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>In conclusion, the antidiabetic effects of exenatide were more pronounced than empagliflozin and quercetin, however, the combined treatment had better antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects than monotherapies. Quercetin could be a supportive or food supplement antidiabetic agent. The exenatide treatment can be recommended for monotherapy in type 2 patients, and the combination of empagliflozin, exenatide, and quercetin may be effective in diabetic patients who need combined therapy.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12657,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fcp.12975\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fcp.12975","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The comparison of the antidiabetic effects of exenatide, empagliflozin, quercetin, and combination of the drugs in type 2 diabetic rats
Background
Type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease that involves extended treatment, is rapidly increasing in humans and animals worldwide.
Objectives
This study aimed to compare monotherapy and combined therapy of exenatide, empagliflozin, and quercetin in 67 Wistar Albino male rats.
Methods
The animals were divided into the following seven groups: healthy control, diabetes control, diabetes + sham, diabetes + exenatide (10 μg/kg), diabetes + empagliflozin (50 mg/kg), diabetes + quercetin (50 mg/kg), and diabetes + combination treatment. The treatments were continued for 8 weeks.
Results
At the end of the experiment, glucose and HbA1c levels decreased with all monotherapy treatments and the combination treatments, while insulin levels increased with exenatide and combined treatments. Adiponectin levels increased with empagliflozin, quercetin, and combined treatments, while leptin levels decreased only with combined treatments. All monotherapies caused an increase in total antioxidant levels. Exenatide and quercetin treatments reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; therewithal, exenatide and combined treatments increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Triglyceride levels decreased in all treatment groups. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level decreased with the combined treatment; on the contrary, the homeostatic model assessment for β-cell activity (HOMA-β) level increased with empagliflozin, exenatide, and combined treatments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the antidiabetic effects of exenatide were more pronounced than empagliflozin and quercetin, however, the combined treatment had better antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects than monotherapies. Quercetin could be a supportive or food supplement antidiabetic agent. The exenatide treatment can be recommended for monotherapy in type 2 patients, and the combination of empagliflozin, exenatide, and quercetin may be effective in diabetic patients who need combined therapy.
期刊介绍：
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology publishes reports describing important and novel developments in fundamental as well as clinical research relevant to drug therapy. Original articles, short communications and reviews are published on all aspects of experimental and clinical pharmacology including:
Antimicrobial, Antiviral Agents
Autonomic Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Cellular Pharmacology
Clinical Trials
Endocrinopharmacology
Gene Therapy
Inflammation, Immunopharmacology
Lipids, Atherosclerosis
Liver and G-I Tract Pharmacology
Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics
Neuropharmacology
Neuropsychopharmacology
Oncopharmacology
Pediatric Pharmacology Development
Pharmacoeconomics
Pharmacoepidemiology
Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacovigilance
Pulmonary Pharmacology
Receptors, Signal Transduction
Renal Pharmacology
Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Toxicopharmacology
Clinical research, including clinical studies and clinical trials, may cover disciplines such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenomics and pharmacoeconomics. Basic research articles from fields such as physiology and molecular biology which contribute to an understanding of drug therapy are also welcomed.
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