Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as a clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report.

Introduction: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency that can be potentially fatal if not treated in a timely manner.

Case report: A 49-year-old previously healthy woman was admitted with a 3-month history of thoracoabdominal pain and headache associated with loss of appetite, emesis, nocturnal diaphoresis, and unintentional loss of 10 kg. On admission she presented anemia, thrombocytopenia, schistocytes in peripheral blood smear, and ADAMTS13 in 1.4%. Due to laboratory findings a diagnosis of TTP was established, and plasma exchange therapy and steroid pulses were started, with resolution of hematological alterations. Within the studies to determine etiology of TTP, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was found, neoplastic and autoimmune pathologies were excluded. The tetraconjugated treatment was initiated with optimal tolerance.

Conclusions: Upon clinical suspicion of TTP, plasma exchange therapy should be initiated urgently; infectious, neoplastic, or autoimmune pathologies can be triggers; in this case, pulmonary TB was confirmed.