Three-dimensional cell cultivation and bioprinting

The paper presents approaches to the formation of flat and three-dimensional cellular patterns using bioprinting methods, discusses the features of three-dimensional culture, when due to more intensive intercellular interactions the cell ensemble has properties that are not typical for single cells, the conditions necessary for the emergence of self-organization processes are created in the system of interacting cells, transformation into tissue-like and organ-like structures. Modern bioprinting methods provide increased productivity of these processes by engineering the additional levels of organization.