作为考虑因素的个人数据

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Gábor János Dudás, András György Kovács, Márton Schultz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文认为,个人数据在欧洲法律体系中可能具有商业价值,因此可以作为一种对价,并具有交换性质。文章认为,欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 不应排除将数据主体的相关数据用作合同对价的可能性,尤其是在互联网世界。特别是,不能仅以隐私权不可转让为由将其排除在外,这是欧洲数据保护委员会迄今为止在实践中采取的立场。在一些欧盟成员国,一般人格权的财产方面已得到承认,这一立场也可适用于个人数据,而无需承认数据所有权或数据中的特殊知识产权,这一事实支持了所提议的新方法。因此,人格权的商业方面理论可以与个人数据的商业价值联系起来。根据《一般数据保护条例》(GDPR)的规定,个人数据的交换功能也可以得到承认。事实上,维持《欧洲数据保护条例》的解释--从基本权利的角度否认个人数据的交换性--意味着无法评估此类数据处理的危险性。这影响到文化遗产的许多方面--从发送通讯到在博物馆销售商品。作为软性法律,欧洲数据处理委员会的指导方针对各国法院的判例法没有直接影响,因此这也大大增加了《个人数据保护法》所建立的同时可用的补救制度之间发生冲突的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Personal Data as Consideration
This article argues that personal data may have a commercial value in the European legal systems, and as such it can function as a consideration and has a quid pro quo character. It claims that the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) should not exclude that data concerning the data subject can be used as contractual consideration, especially in the world of the Internet. In particular, it cannot be excluded solely on the basis that the right to privacy is not transferable, a position taken thus far in the EDPB’s practice. This proposed new approach is supported by the fact that in some EU Member States the property aspects of the general right of personality have been recognized, a stance which may also apply to personal data, without the need to recognize a kind of data ownership or sui generis intellectual property right in the data. Thus, the theory of commercial aspects of personality rights can be linked to the commercial value of personal data. The quid pro quo function of personal data may also be recognized in line with the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In fact, maintaining the interpretation of the EDPB – which denies the quid pro quo character of personal data from a fundamental rights perspective – means that the dangers of such data processing cannot be assessed. This affects cultural heritage in many aspects – from the sending of newsletters to selling merchandise products in museums. The EDPB’s guidelines, as soft law, have no direct impact on the case-law of the national courts, thus this also significantly increases the risk of a collision between the simultaneously available remedy regimes established by the GDPR.
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来源期刊
Santander Art and Culture Law Review
Santander Art and Culture Law Review Arts and Humanities-Visual Arts and Performing Arts
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