Comparative Chemical Study For Species of The Eryngium genus

Five species of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) native to Iraq-Eryngium glomeratumLam, Eryngium creticum Lam, Eryngium thyrosoideum Boiss, Eryngium billardieri Lam., and L. Eryngium campestre—are the focus of this comparative chemical taxonomy. Chemical analysis revealed that the five species within the genus could be distinguished by their unique chemical signatures thanks to applying the GC Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) technique to their secondary metabolic components. Species shared specific molecules but had distinct chemical make-ups in others. The chemical properties of the species in the genus were used to calculate Euclidean genetic distance values; the highest value was found to be 5.1962 between E.creticum and E.billardieri, and the pair with the smallest value of Euclidean distance (3.70) was E. campestre and E. billardieri. The clustering analysis was displayed in the phylogenetic tree. The species can be classified into three broad categories along a single Euclidean axis, as indicated by chemical evidence that corroborated the result of Principal Component Analysis (4.9). (PCA). The studies also demonstrated the ability to differentiate and identify evolutionary links across species by showing the independence of species in specific isolated chemicals. Keywords: Eryngium; genus; Chemical taxonomic; Lam Eryngium, (GC-MS) technique.