紧急情况下医务工作者的职业卫生和安全方面的优先问题(从战胜 Covid-19 大流行病的经验中得出的结论)

V. І. Zenkina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

引言医务人员在紧急情况下的工作条件与正常情况下有很大不同。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,工作环境中的生物和心理生理因素强度大幅增加,导致出现了更多的有害和危险因素,致使工作人员的生活和工作条件受到破坏。由于在这种情况下,医疗机构的常规工作会发生变化,因此迫切需要制定明确的行动计划和指导方针,以提供优质的医疗服务,保障医务工作者的生命和健康。本研究旨在考察医疗机构在 COVID-19 大流行期间的经验,调查检疫期间工作条件的影响以及危险情况的解决方法,证实安全措施,并为医务人员和患者在其他潜在紧急情况下的行为制定指导方针。材料和方法。研究采用问卷、调查、卫生学、文献学和统计学方法。研究结果研究了 COVID-19 大流行期间医疗机构医务人员劳动活动的特殊性(COVID-19 被认为是一种特别危险的疾病)以及这些条件下医务人员的工作条件。对大流行期间医务工作者的看法进行了分析,并对工作条件进行了评估。与大流行前相比,确定了对医护人员工作条件的主要负面影响:工作量和对工作人员的要求增加、情绪压力增大、组织支持、财政和心理援助不足。此外,受访者还强调了在 COVID-19 大流行期间减轻医务工作者任务并有助于稳定局势以及个人和专业发展的积极影响因素:能力、合作和团队凝聚力(团队精神)。受访者表示,获得的经验将避免他们今后在工作中犯下许多错误和缺点,他们已做好准备在流行病条件下和其他紧急情况下工作。为了确保医务人员的安全,有必要实施预防职业病、关心人力资源、制定奖励和激励制度等综合措施。为了提高突发事件中的医疗服务质量,降低患者的风险,保障医务工作者的生命健康,需要有针对性的强制培训计划和教材,使医护人员做好在不同紧急情况下工作的准备。结论医务人员在抗击冠状病毒感染期间的工作条件是危险的,对他们的生命构成威胁,极易引发急性职业病和严重疾病,包括死亡。影响医护人员工作条件的主要负面因素包括工作量、情绪压力以及组织支持和援助不足。此外,还强调了在 COVID-19 大流行期间促进医务工作的积极影响:能力、合作和凝聚力(团队精神),这有助于稳定医疗机构的局势、医务工作者的个人和专业发展。因此,为医护人员制定强制性的有针对性的培训计划和教材,使他们做好在不同紧急情况下有效工作的准备至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Priority problems in occupational hygiene and safety of medical workers in emergency situations (from the experience of overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic)
Introduction. The working conditions of medical personnel during emergencies significantly differ from those in regular circumstances. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the intensity of biological and psychophysiological factors in the working environment increased substantially, leading to the emergence of additional harmful and dangerous factors, resulting in disruptions to the living and working conditions of the staff. Since the regular work routine of healthcare facilities changes in such situations, there is a pressing need for clear action plans and guidelines to provide quality medical care and safeguard the lives and health of medical workers. The aim of this study is to examine the experience of medical facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigate the impact of working conditions during quarantine and the resolution of dangerous situations, substantiate safety measures, and establish guidelines for the behavior of medical personnel and patients during other potential emergencies. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted using questionnaire, survey, hygienic, bibliographic and statistical methods. Results. Peculiarities of the labor activity of medical workers in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was recognized as a particularly dangerous disease, and the working conditions of personnel in these conditions were studied. An analysis of the perception of medical workers during the pandemic and the evaluation of working conditions were conducted. The main negative effects on the working conditions of healthcare staff compared to the pre-pandemic period were identified: increased workload and demands on workers, growing emotional stress, insufficient organizational support, financial, and psychological assistance. Additionally, positive influences that eased the tasks of the medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and contributed to stabilizing the situation and personal and professional development were highlighted: competence, cooperation, and team cohesion (teamwork). Respondents stated that the acquired experience would prevent them from making numerous mistakes and shortcomings in their work in the future, and they are ready to work under epidemic conditions and other emergencies. To ensure the safety of medical personnel, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures to prevent occupational diseases, care for human resources, and develop reward and motivation systems. To improve the quality of medical services during emergencies, reduce risks among patients, and safeguard the lives and health of medical workers, mandatory targeted training programs and educational materials are required for preparing healthcare personnel for work in different emergency situations. Conclusions. The working conditions of medical personnel during the fight against the coronavirus infection are hazardous, posing threats to their lives and carrying a high risk of acute occupational diseases and severe forms of illnesses, including death. The main negative influences on the working conditions of healthcare staff include workload, emotional stress, and inadequate organizational support and assistance. Positive effects that facilitated the work of medical during the COVID-19 pandemic were also highlighted: competence, cooperation and cohesion (teamwork), which contributed to the stabilization of the situation in health care facilities, individual and professional development of medical workers. Therefore, it is crucial to create mandatory targeted training programs and educational materials for healthcare personnel to prepare them to work in different emergency situations effectively.
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