作为美国历史政治参与者的美国历史学家全国学术协会

M. Kyrchanov
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摘要

本研究旨在考察美国专业学术协会的活动,这些协会与欧洲的记忆机构关系密切。作者研究了作为记忆机构的专业协会通过在当代政治中表现过去、在美国社会的公共和公共空间中反映过去在发展纪念文化中的作用。这项研究的新颖之处在于对决定美国历史政策作为记忆政策的主要载体和轨迹的机构进行了比较。文章分析了美国集体记忆政策机构化行动者的活动问题,包括美国历史协会、美国历史学家组织和南方历史协会。文章假设,这些团体可以塑造民间社会版本的集体记忆,以替代政治精英出于政治动机对过去的利用。文章论述了美国历史政治的制度和形式特征、历史协会参与纪念冲突和 "记忆战争"、历史政治化问题以及学术界试图形成一种形式上不受意识形态影响的历史集体记忆的典范。据称,专业历史协会的活动是解释美国南方和美利坚同盟国历史的修正主义发展的一个因素。因此,作者认为美国历史学家作为公共知识分子的作用和责任,他们塑造了妥协版本的纪念文化,促进了社会的巩固。文章强调了作为记忆机构的专业历史协会对美国社会记忆空间及其纪念文化发展的贡献。文章分析了在统治精英日益将历史意识形态化和工具化的背景下,美国历史学家试图维护学术研究的 "纯洁性"。研究结果表明,在美国政治文化对过去进行修正并形成新的或替代性纪念准则的背景下,记忆机构是美国当代身份发展的一个重要因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
NATIONAL ACADEMIC ASSOCIATIONS OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS AS PARTICIPANTS OF HISTORICAL POLITICS IN THE USA
The aim of the study is to examine the activities of professional academic associations in the U.S., which are close to the memory institutions in Europe. The author examines the role of professional associations as memory institutions in the development of memorial culture through the representation of the past in contemporary politics, its reflection in public and public spaces of American society. The novelty of the study lies in the comparison of institutions that determine the main vectors and trajectories of historical policy as memory policy in the United States. The article analyses the problems of the activities of institutionalized actors of collective memory policy in the U.S., including the American Historical Association, the Organization of American Historians and the Southern Historical Association. It hypothesizes that these groups can shape civil society versions of collective memory as alternatives to politically motivated use of the past by political elites. The article deals with the institutional and formal features of historical politics in the United States, the participation of historical associations in memorial conflicts and “memory wars”, issues of politicization of history and the academic community’s attempts at forming a canon of historical collective memory which is formally free from ideological influences. The activities of professional historical associations have supposedly been a factor in the development of revisionism in the interpretation of the history of the American South and the Confederate States of America. Therefore, the author considers the role and responsibility of American historians as public intellectuals who shaped compromise versions of memorial culture that contributed to the consolidation of society. The article highlights the contribution of professional historical associations as memory institutions to the development of mnemonic spaces of American society and its memorial culture. It analyses the attempts of American historians to preserve the “purity” of academic research in the context of the growing ideologization and instrumentalization of history by ruling elites. The research results suggest that memory institutions are an important factor in the development of contemporary identities in the United States in the context of revision of the past and the formation of new or alternative memorial canons in American political culture.
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