Improvement of the uniformity of the magnetic field inside a short solenoid by the end winding system

Improving the level of homogeneity of the magnetic field in the middle of the working volume of a short solenoid makes it possible to improve devices for demagnetizing technical objects and studying the magnetic properties of materials. One of the means of increasing the level of homogeneity of the magnetic field in the middle of the solenoid is to approximate the shape of its winding to the closed surface. The use of a system of a solenoid and two end axisymmetric current windings with a common current source is proposed as such a surface. A mathematical model of the scalar potential of the magnetic field of such a system was built using spherical harmonic analysis, and functional dependences of the current density on each surface were obtained for its first harmonic, which is the dipole component of the magnetic field. Formulas for calculating the number of turns in the end windings and the geometric parameters of their arrangement and the simulated total magnetic field inside the proposed system are obtained. A comparative analysis of the homogeneity of the magnetic field created by a separate solenoid and a solenoid with end windings, depending on the geometry of the system, was conducted. The use of end windings significantly improves the uniformity of the magnetic field near the ends, especially on the axis of the solenoid. Due to this, the efficiency of the end windings significantly depends on the solenoid elongation indicator and allows you to increase the working volume by 5-20%, depending on this indicator. The proposed system makes it possible to obtain a magnetic field with a maximum deviation of 5% from uniformity for a solenoid elongation index of 2. As the elongation increases, the efficiency of the end windings decreases and for systems with an elongation of 10 or more, their use becomes impractical. The results of the analysis testify to the effectiveness of using the proposed system in devices for demagnetizing technical products that differ in a small indicator of the elongation of the working solenoid - primarily devices that create a uniform magnetic field with an amplitude decreasing over time of 240 A/m and are used in particular to remove soft residual magnetization from elements of space vehicles