A Methodological Approach towards Cyber Risk Management in Land Administrations Systems

Cybersecurity risk management in land administration systems is crucial for maintaining the integrity of spatial cadastral data, which faces increasing threats owing to the digital transformation of LAS. This research validates the findings of this preliminary step in the form of a cyber risk management methodology that combines BPMN 2.0 with model business processes implemented by a compliance-based approach using EBIOS Risk Manager. A practical case of land parcel subdivision in Indonesia is analysed to serve as a proof of concept for our proposed methodology. Vulnerabilities are identified and are characterised by a concentration of manual tasks and the absence of systematic controls, resulting in significant risks to data integrity. These findings underscore the urgent need for a proactive approach to strengthen the cyber resilience of LAS. This study attempts to develop a fit-for-purpose reference methodology for cyber risk management specifically tailored to LAS to identify and treat vulnerabilities, threats, risks, and impacts.