“Reactive Mineral Sink” drives soil organic matter dynamics and stabilization

Reactive primary and secondary minerals play a critical role in the transformation and stabilization of organic matter (OM) in soil, a critical aspect that has been largely overlooked in existing literature. In this regard, we propose a new model known as the “reactive mineral sink” (RMS) to illustrate three primary mechanisms through which these minerals drive the bioprocessing, transformation, transport and stabilization of OM in soil. Firstly, from a biological perspective, reactive minerals influence enzymatic and microbial OM processing through binding enzymatic proteins or influencing the structure of microbial communities. Secondly, from a chemical standpoint, these minerals have the capacity to adsorb OM and/or coprecipitate with it, leading to a more diverse distribution of OM in the soil. This distribution, in turn, triggers OM transformation through chemical catalysis and redox reactions. Thirdly, on a physical level, reactive minerals have a substantial impact on soil architecture, aggregate dynamics, porosity development, and hydrological processes. These physical changes then affect the transport, reprocessing and stabilization of OM. The RMS model provides a conceptual framework that underscores the fundamental role of reactive minerals in driving the dynamics of OM and carbon (C) sequestration in natural soil. Furthermore, it promotes the restoration of soil biogeochemical processes and ecological resilience. We advocate for the implementation of strategies based on the RMS model to enhance the sequestration of organic C in soils for the purposes of rejuvenating soil health and mitigating CO2 emission.