Medical treatment of pleural infection: antibiotic duration and corticosteroid usefulness.

The data about the optimal duration of antibiotics and the usefulness of corticosteroids in the management of parapneumonic effusion and pleural infection are scarce. Two randomised controlled trials evaluating short antibiotic courses (ODAPE and SLIM) and another trial assessing the benefit from corticosteroid use (STOPPE) in this setting were recently published. The aim of this journal club is to present these trials and discuss their significance and limitations. ODAPE compared the efficacy and safety of a short (2 weeks) versus an extended (3 weeks) course of amoxicillin-clavulanate in community-acquired complicated parapneumonic effusions, while SLIM compared the efficacy and safety of short (14-21 days) versus longer (28-42 days) antibiotic courses in patients with community- or hospital-acquired pleural infection. STOPPE assessed the benefit from dexamethasone use in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and concomitant pleural effusion. Both ODAPE and SLIM found that shorter antibiotic courses produce less adverse events while being equally efficacious to the longer courses in a subgroup of patients, such as those with pleural infection that is stabilised with only medical treatment and does not require surgery. In contrast, STOPPE found no benefit from the use of dexamethasone in unselected patients with pneumonia and pleural effusion. Due to the significant limitations of these trials, further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Commentary on: Hassan M, et al. The Short versus Long Antibiotic Course for Pleural Infection Management (SLIM) randomised controlled open-label trial. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9: 00635-2022.Porcel JM, et al. Two vs. three weeks of treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate for stabilized community-acquired complicated parapneumonic effusions. A preliminary non-inferiority, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pleura Peritoneum 2020; 5: 20190027.Fitzgerald DB, et al. Steroid Therapy and Outcome of Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions (STOPPE): a pilot randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205: 1093-1101.