Whole-exome sequencing uncovers a novel EFEMP2 gene variant (c.C247T) associated with dominant nonsyndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm

Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a multifactorial disorder. Familial TAA, which is more clinically aggressive, is associated with a high risk of lethal dissection or rupture. Genetic evaluation can provide TAA patients with personalized treatment and help in predicting risk to family members. Objective The purpose of this investigation was to report a likely pathogenic variant in the EFEMP2 gene that may contribute to TAA in a family with a documented history of the condition. Methods In the index patient, the causative genetic predisposition was identified using whole-exome sequencing. The potential likely pathogenic effect of the candidate variant was further analyzed through bioinformatics analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking. Results The results revealed a likely pathogenic heterozygous variant, c.247C>T p.Arg83Cys, in exon 4 of the EFEMP2 gene (NM_016938), which was predicted to have disease-causing effects by MutationTaster, PROVEAN, SIFT, and CADD (phred score = 27.6). Conclusion In this study, a likely pathogenic variant in the EFEMP2 gene was identified in an Iranian family with a dominant pattern of autosomal inheritance of TAA. This finding underscores the importance of conducting molecular genetic evaluations in families with nonsyndromic TAA and the significance of early detection of at-risk family members.