对美国各州促进能源公正的政策和计划的比较分析

Noah Sandoval, Jonathan Morgenstein, Jesse Geiger, Patrick Gibbs, Morgan Bazilian, Adam Warren
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国的能源系统正在经历巨大的变化,这些变化对环境、技术和社会都有影响。现在做出的决定和采取的行动将极大地改变我们未来能源系统的轨迹。尽管新技术可以减轻人为气候变化带来的危险,但要实现有效和可持续的转型,就必须优先解决社会公正问题。为此,许多州都实施了解决能源公正问题的政策和计划。需要对州一级的能源公正政策和项目进行正式调查,以更好地了解用于帮助目标社区的方法以及这些努力的影响。此类分析应包括对用于判断已颁布政策和项目有效性的指标进行分析。在本文中,我们分析了美国七个州的能源公正政策和项目。通过分析,我们发现了各州能源政策的三个重要方面。首先,大多数政策和计划都没有明确说明其目标,也没有引用衡量标准来判断其成功与否。这种缺乏透明度和责任感的情况是实现真正公正解决方案的主要障碍。其次,各州关注的能源公正问题解决方案范围非常狭窄。最普遍的是公用事业账单援助,这并不能解决许多低收入或历史上被边缘化的社区所面临的系统性和持久性挑战。最后,全面的能源政策并不承认和解决住房、就业、教育和医疗保健方面的不平等,而这些问题加剧了能源系统的不平等。本文介绍的工作揭示了美国各州能源公正政策和项目的进展情况,我们认为还需要做更多的工作来了解能源公正政策制定的最佳实践。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A comparative analysis of US state-level policies and programs to advance energy justice
The US energy system is undergoing massive changes that have environmental, technological, and societal implications. Decisions and actions taken now will dramatically alter the trajectory of our future energy system. Though new technologies can lessen the dangers of anthropogenic climate change, an effective and sustainable transition requires addressing social justice issues as a priority. To this end, many states have implemented policies and programs that address energy justice. A formal survey of state-level energy justice policies and programs is needed to better understand the methods used to assist communities targeted and the impacts of these efforts. Such an analysis should include an analysis of the metrics used to judge the effectiveness of the enacted policies and programs. In this paper, we analyze the energy justice policies and programs of seven different US states. From this analysis, we identify three important aspects of state energy policies. First, most policies and programs do not articulate their goals, nor cite metrics to judge their successes. This lack of transparency and accountability is a major roadblock to truly just solutions. Second, states focus on a very narrow range of solutions for energy justice issues. The most prevalent being utility bill assistance, which does not address the systemic and enduring challenges faced by many low-income or historically marginalized communities. Lastly, comprehensive energy policy does not acknowledge and address housing, employment, education, and healthcare inequities that exacerbate energy system inequities. The work presented in this paper sheds light on the progress of state-level energy justice policies and programs across the United States, and we argue more work needs to be done to understand best practices in energy justice policymaking.
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