Walkaway vertical seismic profiling first-arrival traveltime tomography with velocity structure constraints

Walkaway vertical seismic profiling (WVSP) is known for its high level of credibility in obtaining the relationship between first-arrival traveltime and detector depth through first-arrival picking. This relationship can be utilized for seismic velocity model inversion to improve velocity model accuracy and rationality. Here, we present a WVSP first-arrival velocity model with velocity structure constraints, by utilizing layer and fault data interpreted by ground seismic structure technique. We constructed a geological structure and layer sequence models based on sedimentary patterns to obtain complex velocity structures. Furthermore, we introduced a smooth regularization term based on the velocity structure into the inversion model to enhance its consistency with geological laws and compensate for the reduced inversion accuracy owing to the regularization term based on flat structures. This approach addressed the limitations of the regularization term based on flat structures, resulting in more accurate and reliable inversion results. Through simulation analysis, the proposed method realized the WVSP first-arrival velocity inversion, with results being closer to those of the real velocity model.