急救人员的睡眠恐惧:与创伤类型、精神病理学和睡眠障碍的关系

A. Reffi, D. Kalmbach, Philip Cheng, Peter C Tappenden, Jennifer Valentine, Christopher L. Drake, W. Pigeon, Scott M. Pickett, Michelle M Lilly
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摘要

在一些患有创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的个体中,对睡眠的恐惧会导致失眠,但在急救人员中,这一群体的失眠和PTSD发病率很高。我们通过(1)检查睡眠恐惧与创伤类型和临床症状的关系,以及(2)评估报告暂时性PTSD、失眠或两者之间睡眠恐惧严重程度的差异,来评估第一响应者中睡眠恐惧的临床相关性。对美国242名急救人员进行横断面研究(59.2%为男性,86.4%为白人,56.2%为执法人员,98.7%为现役,服役年限为17年)。参与者完成了睡眠恐惧量表——创伤史、精神病理(如创伤后应激障碍)和睡眠障碍(失眠和与创伤有关的噩梦)的简短形式和测量。睡眠恐惧与以人际暴力和受害为特征的创伤类型,以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁、焦虑、压力、酗酒问题、失眠和与创伤有关的噩梦的症状有关。与那些只有PTSD或失眠的人相比,在报告暂时性PTSD合并失眠的第一反应者中,对睡眠的恐惧最为明显。事后分析显示,PTSD过度觉醒症状和创伤相关噩梦与睡眠恐惧独立相关,即使在调整了剩余的PTSD集群、失眠、性和服役年限后也是如此。睡眠恐惧是第一反应者的临床相关结构,与广泛的精神病理症状相关,在PTSD和失眠共存的人群中最为严重。睡眠恐惧可能需要对急救人员进行有针对性的治疗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fear of sleep in first responders: Associations with trauma types, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances
Fear of sleep contributes to insomnia in some individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but remains uncharacterized in first responders, a population with high rates of insomnia and PTSD. We evaluated the clinical relevance of fear of sleep in first responders by (1) examining its relationship with trauma types and clinical symptoms and (2) assessing differences in fear of sleep severity between those reporting provisional PTSD, insomnia, or both. A cross-sectional study of 242 first responders across the US (59.2% male, 86.4% White, 56.2% law enforcement officers, 98.7% active duty, Myears of service = 17). Participants completed the Fear of Sleep Inventory – Short Form and measures of trauma history, psychopathology (e.g., PTSD), and sleep disturbances (insomnia and trauma-related nightmares). Fear of sleep was associated with trauma types characterized by interpersonal violence and victimization, as well as symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol use problems, insomnia, and trauma-related nightmares. Fear of sleep was most pronounced among first responders reporting provisional PTSD comorbid with insomnia compared to those with PTSD or insomnia only. Post hoc analyses revealed PTSD hyperarousal symptoms and trauma-related nightmares were independently associated with fear of sleep, even after adjusting for the remaining PTSD clusters, insomnia, sex, and years of service. Fear of sleep is a clinically relevant construct in first responders that is associated with a broad range of psychopathology symptoms and is most severe among those with co-occurring PTSD and insomnia. Fear of sleep may merit targeted treatment in first responders.
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