Gene-Based Therapy: A New Approach to Feline Induced Sterilization?

Feline population control remains a concern as to whether it is intended for the short- or long-term. Induced sterilization of felids is critical in the case of feral, free-roaming cats, or the management of wild populations in Zoos or sanctuaries. This narrative review explores the shifting paradigm in induced sterilization methods, driven by the development of gene editing approaches recently applied to control felid reproductive activity. Although gene therapy approaches have gained attention as alternatives to more traditional methods, their clinical applications remain in the realm of thought. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and most recent advances in gene-based contraception options, consolidate current research and evidence, and share some considerations on its potential effectiveness, advantages or limitations, and implications for animal welfare and population control strategies. Gene-based contraception therapy tested in felines, targeting the AMH pathway, was unable to suppress the estrous cycle and follicular development. However, at an experimental level, preliminary results hint at the need to change towards different molecular targets. Moreover, their side effects remain largely unknown, and several questions remain unanswered, such as the regularity of treatment applications or cost.