饥饿的诗学:苏联乌克兰 1932-33 年大饥荒(Holodomor)后的断裂回应

John Vsetecka
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摘要

本文考察了20世纪30年代苏联乌克兰学生所写的诗歌,以更好地理解诗歌是如何作为对1932-33年饥荒(Holodomor)造成的破裂的回应。在公开谈论饥荒是被禁止的时期,幸存者转而用诗歌来写那些不能大声说出来的东西。在本文中,我认为这些学生创作的诗歌提供了关于1932-33年的另一种叙述,挑战了国家对事件的沉默,并从幸存者的角度阐述了经历和经历人为饥荒的意义。这些学生创作于1933年至1937年间的诗歌,详细描述了遭受搜查队、盗窃、羞辱和饥饿的感受。总的来说,这些诗歌提供了一个窗口,让我们看到饥荒对乌克兰人日常生活的身体和情感影响,并传达了在相关的痛苦、苦难和创伤中工作意味着什么。然而,20世纪30年代末开始的经济萧条又一次造成了破裂,并抑制了幸存者进一步写饥荒和接受所发生的事情的努力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Poetics of Hunger: Responding to Rupture in the Wake of the 1932–33 Famine (Holodomor) in Soviet Ukraine
This article examines poems that were written by students in Soviet Ukraine during the 1930s to better understand how poetry served as a response to the ruptures caused by the 1932–33 famine (Holodomor). In a time when speaking openly about the famine was prohibited, survivors turned to poetry to write about what could not be said out loud. In this article, I contend that the poetry composed by these students offered alternative narratives about 1932–33 that challenged the state’s silencing of events and addressed what it meant, from a survivor’s point of view, to live through and experience the man‐made famine. The poems produced by these students, which were written between 1933 and 1937, described in detail what it was like to be subjected to search brigades, theft, humiliation, and starvation. As a whole, these poems offer a window into the physical and emotional impact of the famine on the lives of everyday Ukrainians and communicate what it meant to work through related pain, suffering, and trauma. However, the onset of repressions in the late 1930s served as another rupture and worked to suppress survivor efforts to write further about the famine and come to terms with what happened.
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