儿童外血管瘤的临床和形态特征及诊断

S. Toktosunova, A. Toktosunov, U. Sharshenov
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摘要

背景。相关性在于1岁以下儿童血管瘤的发生率增加,需要通过形态学方法进行诊断。本研究的目的是描述皮肤血管瘤的组织学初始和最终变化,并介绍儿童血管瘤的主要临床表现。材料和方法。在工作中使用了几种临床(用于疾病的详细诊断)、形态学(材料的组织学检查)和统计学方法。研究对象为98名6个月至16岁的面部血管瘤患儿。结果。形态学研究发现49例(50%)血管瘤具有典型的单纯性毛细血管结构,35例(35.7%)为海绵状肿瘤。仅有18.3%的儿童合并血管瘤。毛细血管型血管瘤含有许多细小的毛细血管,管腔狭窄,被粘连的肉质上皮覆盖。结论。在血管瘤的活跃生长阶段,大量内皮细胞占主导地位,表明血管成分,特别是增殖的上皮内衬毛细血管,构成了增生的主要和最大部分。
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Clinical and morphological characteristics and diagnosis of external haemangiomas in children
Background. The relevance lies in the increasing occurrence of haemangiomas in children under 1 year old when diagnosis confirmation through morphological methods is necessary. The purpose of the research is to characterise the histological initial and final changes of cutaneous haemangiomas and to present the main clinical manifestations of haemangiomas in children. Materials and methods. Several clinical (for detailed diagnosis of the disease), morphological (histological examination of the material) and statistical methods were used in the work. The object of the research was 98 children with haemangiomas of the facial skin aged 6 months to 16 years. Results. The morphological study demonstrated that in 49 cases (50 %), the typical simple capillary structure of haemangioma was identified, in 35 cases (35.7 %) — cavernous type of neoplasm. Only 18.3 % of the children had combined haemangiomas. Capillary-type haemangiomas contain many small capillaries with a narrow lumen, covered by adhering fleshy epithelium. Conclusions. During the phase of the active growth of haemangiomas, there is a predominance of massive endothelial cells, suggesting that the vascular component, particularly proliferating epithelium-lined capillaries, makes up the main and largest part of the hyperplasia.
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