亚平宁半岛北部(意大利)银冷杉(白枞)林的寺院造林遗产和目前的古老程度

IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY
R. Motta, M. Garbarino, R. Berretti, Alessia Bono, M. Čurović, V. Dukić, P. Nola
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引用次数: 0

摘要

物种丰富的混合银冷杉(Abies alba Mill.)森林在亚平宁山脉北部占主导地位,但气候和主要是人为土地利用引起了大约5000年前银冷杉的急剧下降。这一地区对银杉的保护主要是由于修道院的建立,为了其精神和经济价值,他们保护甚至种植银杉。1993年,最好的银杉林被列入卡森蒂内西国家森林公园(FCNP), Monte Falterona e Campigna,并已提交低集约化管理或严格保护,无论过去的土地使用和文化历史如何。在本研究中,我们(1)分析了三种拥有不同所有权历史的银杉林的现有结构,(2)比较了其中三种意大利森林的结构,并与来自迪纳尔阿尔卑斯山脉的两种原生林的自然度作为参考。结果表明,意大利三种森林目前的结构非常不同,并且与过去的土地利用密切相关,主要是与修道院遗产有关。尽管意大利森林经历了几十年的低强度管理或严格保护,但它们目前在结构上与第纳尔群岛的原始森林非常不同。在这些森林中形成一个古老的结构可能是非常缓慢的,而且在某些方面是不可预测的。研究结果还强调了将保护区视为承载重要生物文化多样性的文化景观的重要性。目前的风险是,通过采用几乎完全以生物多样性为中心的管理和设定难以或不可能实现的生物多样性目标,总多样性将减少,生物文化多样性将丧失,而生物文化多样性是大多数欧洲公园最丰富的东西。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Monastic silviculture legacies and current old-growthness of silver fir (Abies alba) forests in the northern Apennines (Italy)
Species-rich mixed silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests dominated in the northern Apennines, but climate and, mainly, anthropogenic land use provoked a sharp silver fir decline approximately 5000 years bp. The conservation of the silver fir in this region was mainly due to the establishment of monastic orders that preserved and even planted silver fir for its spiritual and economic value. In 1993, the best silver fir stands were included in the Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi (FCNP), Monte Falterona e Campigna, and have been submitted to low-intensive management or strict protection regardless of past land use and cultural history. In this study, we have (1) analyzed the current structure of three silver fir forests that have had different ownership histories and (2) compared the structure of the three Italian forests among them and with two old-growth forests from the Dinaric Alps as a reference of naturalness. The results show that the current structures of the three Italian forests are very different among them and are strictly related to past land use and, mainly, to monastic legacies. Even if the Italian forests have experienced decades of low-intensity management or strict protection, they are currently structurally very different from Dinaric old-growth forests. Developing an old-growth structure in these forests can be very slow and, in some ways, unpredictable. The results also highlight the importance of recognizing protected areas as cultural landscapes that host an important biocultural diversity. The current risk is that by applying almost exclusive biodiversity-centered management and setting difficult or impossible-to-achieve biodiversity goals, total diversity will decrease, and biocultural diversity, the greatest richness of most European parks, will be lost.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
6.20%
发文量
256
审稿时长
12 weeks
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