Hybrid energy balancer for clustering and routing techniques to enhance the lifetime and energy-efficiency of wireless sensor networks

Clustering and Routing have been recognized as one of the most proficient methods for the conservation of energy. In addition, efficient routing further enhances the energy-saving capacity of WSNs (Wireless sensor networks). In this work, a hybrid technique is proposed that usages the prominent features as multiple energy-conserving techniques have been combined to develop a configuration that delivers a highly efficient Wireless network that not only saves energy but also transmits data efficiently. The Clusters are designed and Cluster Heads (CH) are designated by maintaining a minimum distance from the basic nodes for quick data transmission from source to destination. The concept of multiple cluster heads is proposed to provide secure and efficient transmission without losing the data packets. Three cluster heads are selected from each cluster so that when the energy in one Cluster head is exhausted the second Cluster head takes over to continue data communication thus increasing the lifetime of the network. The unequal clustering concept is used to avoid the issue of hot spots as well as Energy Balancing. In this clustering, lesser clusters are positioned closer to the base station. Depending on the energy distribution, the Nodes in the cluster are divided into advanced nodes, intermediate nodes, and normal nodes. The two paths routing method is adopted for rapid transmission towards the Base station. Finally, an evaluation of the proposed technique with the existing comparable techniques has been done which shows that the proposed system gives better results in terms of energy consumption, lifetime, and the number of alive nodes.