Darwin Carchi, Mercy Orellana, Andrés Martínez, J. Segovia
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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究的目的是分析发展中国家厄瓜多尔居民用水的可负担性和可持续性。为了确定可负担性,作者评估了三个主要城市(昆卡、瓜亚基尔和基多)不同收入水平人口的用水量及其分布。然后,作者通过二次几乎理想需求系统(QUAIDS)推导出需求弹性,模拟了定价政策对可持续性的影响。调查结果显示,与拉丁美洲其他城市相比,厄瓜多尔的水费较低,这表明它的可承受性。但是,由于消费总体上高于世界卫生组织建议的水平,因此可能无法保证可持续性。从经济角度来看,这可能是受到低关税的推动。事实上,定价政策的模拟表明,较高的价格可以显著减少对大多数样本的需求。然而,在低收入家庭中,这种减少可能会损害重要消费。研究的局限性/意义本研究在激发关于如何实现水的可负担性和可持续性的讨论方面具有重要意义。就厄瓜多尔的案例研究而言,结果表明,可持续性可能得不到保证,需要制定鼓励可持续性的政策。另一个影响是,应考虑人口收入水平,以避免对最脆弱群体产生不利影响。本研究的主要局限性在于方法上。首先,QUAIDS模型基于条件需求模型(Zhen et al., 2013),该模型没有考虑在其他商品上的支出。其次,数据可用性有限,阻碍了更深入的分析。原创性/价值据作者所知,这是第一个在厄瓜多尔分析这些问题的研究,厄瓜多尔是一个在宪法层面承认水权的国家。
Affordability and sustainability in the human right to water
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the affordability and sustainability of residential water consumption in Ecuador, a developing country.Design/methodology/approachTo determine affordability, the authors assess water consumption and its distribution across different income levels of the population in the three main cities: Cuenca, Guayaquil and Quito. The authors then simulate the effects of a pricing policy on sustainability by deriving demand elasticities through a quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS).FindingsResults show that Ecuador has low water tariffs with respect to other cities in Latin America, which points to its affordability. However, sustainability might not be guaranteed since consumption is overall higher than the level suggested by the World Health Organization. From an economic point of view, this could be motivated by the low tariffs. Indeed, the simulation of a pricing policy shows that higher prices can significantly reduce demand for most of the sample. However, in low-income households this reduction may compromise vital consumption.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has important implications in terms of stimulating the discussion of how water affordability and sustainability can be achieved. For the case study, Ecuador, the results indicate that sustainability may not be guaranteed and that policies need to be designed to encourage it. Another implication is that population income levels should be considered to avoid negative effects for the most vulnerable groups. The main limitations of this study are methodological. First, the QUAIDS model is based on a conditional demand model (Zhen et al., 2013), which does not take into account spending on other goods. Second, data availability is limited and prevents a deeper analysis.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to analyze these issues in Ecuador, a country that recognizes the human right to water at the constitutional level.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies publishes double-blind peer-reviewed research on issues relevant to agriculture and food value chain in emerging economies in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. The journal welcomes original research, particularly empirical/applied, quantitative and qualitative work on topics pertaining to policies, processes, and practices in the agribusiness arena in emerging economies to inform researchers, practitioners and policy makers