The Effects of Blood Group Types on the Mortality and Survival of Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Background: Identifying patient characteristics that may contribute to significant complications and mortality is essential. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the mortality and survival of patients with COVID-19 by blood type. Methods: This study was performed on 644 patients with COVID-19 by a retrospective cohort method using recorded data of patients admitted to Farabi and Golestan-Kermanshah hospitals. The data were extracted from patients' records through a researcher-made checklist. Logistic regression and Cox regression models were utilized in STATA software version 14 to analyze the data. Results: About 74.53% of patients were male, and the average age was 52.55 ± 16.9 years. The prevalence of blood groups was 22.67% (n = 146) O, 11.49% (n = 74) AB, 24.38% (n = 157) B, and 41.46% (n = 267) A, respectively. Approximately 69.05% of patients were in the intensive care unit, 37.27% experienced intubations, and 18.94% died. The results showed that the chance of death in blood group AB, B, and A was 1.05 (P = 0.910) times, 2.09 (P = 0.022) times, and 2.29 (P = 0.005) times higher than in blood group O. In addition, the survival of patients with blood group A was lower than other blood groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, blood groups O and B had a protective role against the death of COVID-19. Blood type O also required less intubation but was hospitalized longer.