A multi-stakeholder perspective on inclusion in higher education: Ruling on fragile ground

In higher education, there is a lack of consistent provision for the needs of students with disabilities. This study explores the decision-making processes that lead professionals to either take or avoid inclusive actions, such as implementing universal design, granting accommodations, or making academic adjustments. Six workshops were organized and attended by students with disabilities, lecturers, support personnel, and other relevant stakeholders. The stakeholders suggested the topics and invitees for the workshops, shared their views, and learned from each other. The audio recordings from the workshops were analyzed using various techniques from constructivist grounded theory. The results showed that professionals often lack the necessary knowledge to include students with disabilities in higher education. Furthermore, there are barriers to collaboration and obtaining information, which hinder attempts to bridge the gaps. Unclear responsibilities and ignorance provide a fragile ground for decision-making and an opportunity for opting out of inclusive acts.