Timing decisions as the next frontier for collective intelligence

The past decade has witnessed a dramatically growing interest in collective intelligence - the phenomenon of groups having an ability to make more accurate decisions than isolated individuals. However, the vast majority of studies to date have focused, either explicitly or implicitly, on spatial decisions (e.g., potential nest sites, food patches, or migration directions). We highlight the equally important, but severely understudied, realm of temporal collective decision-making, i.e., decisions about when to perform an action. We argue that temporal collective decision making is likely to differ from spatial decision making in several crucial ways and probably involves different mechanisms, model predictions, and experimental outcomes. We anticipate that research focused on temporal decisions should lead to a radically expanded understanding of the adaptiveness and constraints of living in groups.