已经完成一半了——加州当地酒精控制的演变。第一部分:系统的发展历程

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2016-07-28 DOI:10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.228

Friedner D. Wittman

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引用次数: 0

摘要

惠特曼，F.(2016)。已经完成一半了——加州当地酒精控制的演变。第一部分:系统的发展历程。《国际酒精和药物研究杂志》，5(3)，101-107。doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.228Local对加州城市酒精零售销售的控制提供了大量减少和预防酒精相关危害的能力。这篇论文展示了加州的地方控制是如何防止酒精零售商店受到伤害的。在向门店经营者颁发零售许可证之前，州酒精饮料控制部门(ABC)要等到当地辖区(市或县)颁发土地使用许可证(也称为分区许可证或使用许可证)。地方有权酌情对使用许可证施加预防性"条件"，以保护公众健康和安全，对酒类零售商店的设置、设计、经营和营业时间施加限制。在州/地方控制系统中，城市选项包括1级许可分区(无限制)，2级解决问题分区(限制新建/扩建门店)和3级社区监督(限制现有和新建门店)。自1980年以来，地方管制的范围已从零(一级许可分区)发展到对所有出口进行三级预防性监测。更高级别的分区需要ABC不参与的地方政治。一篇配套文章(惠特曼，2016)描述了1980年至2015年加州地方司法管辖区对零售酒精供应的地方控制的演变。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed

Wittman, F. (2016). Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 101-107. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.228Local control over retail alcohol sales in California cities provides substantial capacity to reduce and prevent alcohol-related harm. This paper shows how local control works in California to prevent harm at retail alcohol outlets. Prior to issuing a retail license to an outlet operator, the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Department (ABC) waits until the local jurisdiction (city or county) issues a land-use permit (also called a zoning permit or use permit). Localities have discretionary authority to impose preventive “conditions” on the use permit to protect public health and safety by imposing restrictions on setting design, operation, and hours of operation for the retail alcohol outlet. Within the state/local control system, city options include Level 1 permissive zoning (no restrictions), Level 2 problem-solving zoning (restrictions on new/expanded outlets), and Level 3 community oversight (restrictions on existing and new outlets). Since 1980 the scope of local control has progressed from nil (Level 1 permissive zoning) to Level 3 preventive surveillance for all outlets. Higher-level zoning requires local politics in which the ABC is not involved. A companion article (Wittman, 2016) describes the evolution of local control for retail alcohol availability in California’s local jurisdictions from 1980 to 2015.

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.