Cell therapies for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review of clinical applications

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects patients’ ability to communicate, engage with others, and behave in certain ways. Despite the existence of several therapy possibilities, an effective treatment for ASD has not yet been identified. Cell therapies have been becoming increasingly recognized in recent years as a potential therapeutic approach for the management of ASD. Different types of cellular products are transplanted using different delivery methods as part of cell therapy, which has the ability to regulate the immune system, demonstrate paracrine, neuro-regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress effects, as well as transfer healthy mitochondria. We have compared the results and findings of completed cell therapy clinical trials for the treatment of ASD in this systematic review. A total of 547 studies were identified, in which 11 studies were found to be eligible to be included in this review as they were completed cell therapy clinical trials or clinical applications with quantitative results for the treatment of ASD patients. This systematic review provides an overview of clinical trials conducted with different types of cell therapy strategies for the treatment of ASD and their potential mechanisms of action. The limitations and future possibilities for this field of study, as well as the safety and efficacy of cell treatments in ASD, were reviewed. Overall, the evidence suggests that various cell therapy methods may offer a novel and effective treatment option for individuals with ASD, although further research is needed to fully understand the optimal treatment strategy and therapeutic potential.