大象的生理可塑性:非洲象和亚洲象的高动态糖皮质激素

IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Sanjeeta Sharma Pokharel, Janine L Brown
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引用次数: 0

摘要

繁殖缓慢而长寿的陆生哺乳动物往往更容易受到影响健康和生存的挑战。因此,了解动物如何应对这些挑战以及应对机制如何代代相传并影响表型可塑性是很重要的。迅速升级的人为挑战可能进一步削弱动物恢复体内平衡的能力。对大象应激生理学的深入研究主要集中在不同生态、人为和生殖环境下对主要应激反应标志物糖皮质激素(GCs)的相对或比较分析。本文对1980年至2023年(5月)期间发表的关于亚洲象和非洲象的研究结果进行了广泛的回顾,并揭示了通过不同样本矩阵中gc的变化来测量的应激反应通常是高度动态的,并且在暴露于类似刺激的个体内部和个体之间存在差异,并且并不总是以可预测的方式。这种生理反应的动态性可能是由人格特征或应对方式、生态条件和技术因素的个体差异介导的,而这些因素在研究设计中往往没有考虑到。我们在“生理动态模型”下描述可能的原因,该模型考虑了情境-经验-个性效应。高度可变的肾上腺反应可能影响生理可塑性和潜在的适应性和生存后果。这篇综述还讨论了在正常适应性应激与应激的背景下谨慎解释gc数据的重要性。我们强调需要对包含“压力”和“幸福”多个标记的gc进行长期评估,以破译大象高动态生理肾上腺反应的可能适应性后果。最后,我们提出评估GC对当前和未来挑战的反应是我们指导保护策略的最有价值和信息的保护工具之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physiological plasticity in elephants: highly dynamic glucocorticoids in African and Asian elephants
Slowly reproducing and long-lived terrestrial mammals are often more at risk from challenges that influence fitness and survival. It is, therefore, important to understand how animals cope with such challenges and how coping mechanisms translate over generations and affect phenotypic plasticity. Rapidly escalating anthropogenic challenges may further diminish an animal’s ability to reinstate homeostasis. Research to advance insights on elephant stress physiology has predominantly focused on relative or comparative analyses of a major stress response marker, glucocorticoids (GCs), across different ecological, anthropogenic, and reproductive contexts. This paper presents an extensive review of published findings on Asian and African elephants from 1980 to 2023 (May) and reveals that stress responses, as measured by alterations in GCs in different sample matrices, often are highly dynamic and vary within and across individuals exposed to similar stimuli, and not always in a predictable fashion. Such dynamicity in physiological reactivity may be mediated by individual differences in personality traits or coping styles, ecological conditions, and technical factors that often are not considered in study designs. We describe probable causations under the ‘Physiological Dynamicity Model’, which considers context–experience–individuality effects. Highly variable adrenal responses may affect physiological plasticity with potential fitness and survival consequences. This review also addresses the significance of cautious interpretations of GCs data in the context of normal adaptive stress versus distress. We emphasize the need for long-term assessments of GCs that incorporate multiple markers of ‘stress’ and ‘well-being’ to decipher the probable fitness consequences of highly dynamic physiological adrenal responses in elephants. Ultimately, we propose that assessing GC responses to current and future challenges is one of the most valuable and informative conservation tools we have for guiding conservation strategies.
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来源期刊
Conservation Physiology
Conservation Physiology Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.70%
发文量
71
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Conservation Physiology is an online only, fully open access journal published on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Biodiversity across the globe faces a growing number of threats associated with human activities. Conservation Physiology will publish research on all taxa (microbes, plants and animals) focused on understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, ecosystems and natural resources respond to environmental change and stressors. Physiology is considered in the broadest possible terms to include functional and mechanistic responses at all scales. We also welcome research towards developing and refining strategies to rebuild populations, restore ecosystems, inform conservation policy, and manage living resources. We define conservation physiology broadly and encourage potential authors to contact the editorial team if they have any questions regarding the remit of the journal.
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