在臂尖的亚末端生长区可能是海蛇尾终生不确定生长的基础

IF 2.6 2区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Mashanov, Vladimir, Whaley, Lauren, Davis, Kenneth, Heinzeller, Thomas, Machado, Denis Jacob, Reid, Robert W., Kofsky, Janice, Janies, Daniel
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引用次数: 2

摘要

棘皮动物是海洋无脊椎动物的一个门,与脊索动物有着密切的系统发育关系。棘皮动物门的许多成员能够广泛的创伤后再生和终身不确定的生长。与再生不同,成年棘皮动物主体轴的终身伸长很少受到关注。分化祖细胞在成体发育中的解剖位置和性质尚不清楚。我们发现,驱动成年海蛇尾臂终身生长的增殖细胞主要定位于亚末端(从尖端开始的第二个)臂段。每个主要解剖结构都包含分裂祖细胞。这些结构包括:桡神经、水血管管和臂体腔壁。其中一些增殖祖细胞能够进行多轮细胞分裂。在神经系统中,祖细胞被鉴定为不表达Brn1/2/4的放射状胶质细胞的一个子集,Brn1/2/4是一种在神经元命运规范中起保守作用的转录因子。除了描述生长区和前体细胞的性质外,我们还描述了四个最远端的手臂节段的显微解剖,对比了远端和近端更成熟的节段。成年海蛇尾臂的生长是通过远端节段祖细胞的增殖发生的,远端节段的祖细胞最为丰富。至少有一些祖细胞能够进行多轮细胞分裂。神经系统内的分裂细胞鉴定为brn1 /2/4阴性的放射状胶质细胞。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A subterminal growth zone at arm tip likely underlies life-long indeterminate growth in brittle stars
Echinoderms are a phylum of marine invertebrates with close phylogenetic relationships to chordates. Many members of the phylum Echinodermata are capable of extensive post-traumatic regeneration and life-long indeterminate growth. Different from regeneration, the life-long elongation of the main body axis in adult echinoderms has received little attention. The anatomical location and the nature of the dividing progenitor cells contributing to adults’ growth is unknown. We show that the proliferating cells that drive the life-long growth of adult brittle star arms are mostly localized to the subterminal (second from the tip) arm segment. Each of the major anatomical structures contains dividing progenitors. These structures include: the radial nerve, water-vascular canal, and arm coelomic wall. Some of those proliferating progenitor cells are capable of multiple rounds of cell division. Within the nervous system, the progenitor cells were identified as a subset of radial glial cells that do not express Brn1/2/4, a transcription factor with a conserved role in the neuronal fate specification. In addition to characterizing the growth zone and the nature of the precursor cells, we provide a description of the microanatomy of the four distal-most arm segments contrasting the distal with the proximal segments, which are more mature. The growth of the adult brittle star arms occurs via proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal segments, which are most abundant in the second segment from the tip. At least some of the progenitors are capable of multiple rounds of cell division. Within the nervous system the dividing cells were identified as Brn1/2/4-negative radial glial cells.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
29
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Zoology is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal publishing high quality research articles and reviews on all aspects of animal life. As a biological discipline, zoology has one of the longest histories. Today it occasionally appears as though, due to the rapid expansion of life sciences, zoology has been replaced by more or less independent sub-disciplines amongst which exchange is often sparse. However, the recent advance of molecular methodology into "classical" fields of biology, and the development of theories that can explain phenomena on different levels of organisation, has led to a re-integration of zoological disciplines promoting a broader than usual approach to zoological questions. Zoology has re-emerged as an integrative discipline encompassing the most diverse aspects of animal life, from the level of the gene to the level of the ecosystem. Frontiers in Zoology is the first open access journal focusing on zoology as a whole. It aims to represent and re-unite the various disciplines that look at animal life from different perspectives and at providing the basis for a comprehensive understanding of zoological phenomena on all levels of analysis. Frontiers in Zoology provides a unique opportunity to publish high quality research and reviews on zoological issues that will be internationally accessible to any reader at no cost. The journal was initiated and is supported by the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft, one of the largest national zoological societies with more than a century-long tradition in promoting high-level zoological research.
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