Update on Patellofemoral Anatomy and Biomechanics

The patellofemoral joint experiences substantial physiologic loads with normal daily activity. Anatomic risk factors can place certain patients at risk for patellofemoral pathology including patellar instability. Stability and load capacity of the joint are a result of numerous factors including the unique configuration of osseous and cartilaginous structures, static and dynamic soft tissue stabilizers, and global lower limb alignment. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint is required to identify patient-specific sources of dysfunction and to tailor individualized treatment specific to a given patient's anatomy. Identification and correction of patient specific risk factors must form the basis for successful treatment strategies. Using novel imaging techniques, dissection methods, and technology for biomechanical evaluation, our understanding of the patellofemoral joint has continued to evolve and in turn help improve patient specific treatment and outcomes for patellar instability.