Cartilage Restoration of the Patellofemoral Joint: Techniques and Outcomes

Patellofemoral cartilage injuries present a complex challenge due to the unique anatomy and biomechanics of the joint. The daily activities involving the knee, such as weight-bearing, stair ambulation, and squatting, impose high loads on the joint, increasing the risk of cartilage overload and subsequent cartilage injury. Additionally, several anatomical abnormalities, including patellar malalignment, patella alta, and trochlear dysplasia, can influence the behavior of the patellofemoral joint, leading to instability and further elevating the risk of cartilage injuries. Surgical management of patellofemoral cartilage injuries remains a topic of modern debate. The effectiveness and suitability of different techniques depend on individual indications and the characteristics of the cartilage defect. This chapter explores the use of cartilage repair and restoration techniques for patellofemoral cartilage defects. Here, we discuss aspects of the surgical techniques, their outcomes, and provide insights into when staging arthroscopy or concomitant stability surgery should be considered.