William A. Gerhard, Daniel B. Raudabaugh, J. Alejandro Rojas, Claudia K. Gunsch
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Evaluation of the mycobiome of ballast water and implications for fungal pathogen distribution
ABSTRACT: Marine transport has the potential to alter the geographic range of microorganisms through ballast water movement. Recent culture-independent studies investigated the bacteriome of ballast water, but no prior studies have examined the mycobiome. Here were examined 60 ballast and harbor samples from 4 major ports and 5 ocean samples using culture-independent techniques to determine (1) the composition of harbor and ballast water mycobiomes; (2) if ballast contained human and environmentally relevant fungal pathogens; and (3) the potential risk of introduction to coastal ecosystems. Results indicate that ballast water and harbor water contain a diverse mycobiome and that ballast water may contain fungal taxa that are relevant human and marine fish pathogens. Fungal genera were identified that contain known coral and coastal plant pathogen species; however, species-level identification of these potential pathogens could not be conclusively resolved. Ballast and harbor mycobiomes contained similar taxa, suggesting that environmental filtering may not inhibit the spread of fungal taxa between these ecosystems. This study highlights the potential risks of ballast movement and suggests further research of the ballast mycobiome is needed.
期刊介绍:
AME is international and interdisciplinary. It presents rigorously refereed and carefully selected Research Articles, Reviews and Notes, as well as Comments/Reply Comments (for details see AME 27:209), Opinion Pieces (previously called ''As I See It'') and AME Specials. For details consult the Guidelines for Authors. Papers may be concerned with:
Tolerances and responses of microorganisms to variations in abiotic and biotic components of their environment; microbial life under extreme environmental conditions (climate, temperature, pressure, osmolarity, redox, etc.).
Role of aquatic microorganisms in the production, transformation and decomposition of organic matter; flow patterns of energy and matter as these pass through microorganisms; population dynamics; trophic interrelationships; modelling, both theoretical and via computer simulation, of individual microorganisms and microbial populations; biodiversity.
Absorption and transformation of inorganic material; synthesis and transformation of organic material (autotrophic and heterotrophic); non-genetic and genetic adaptation; behaviour; molecular microbial ecology; symbioses.