采伐方式对高氮沉降荷兰森林养分去除的影响

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Anjo de Jong, Wim de Vries, Hans Kros, Joop Spijker
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引用次数: 1

摘要

当必需营养物质,包括氮(N)、磷(P)、硫(S)、钙(Ca)、钾(K)和镁(Mg)的去除超过它们通过沉积的净输入时,森林采伐的去除可能导致土壤养分枯竭。通过采伐去除养分取决于树种和采伐方法,即整棵采伐(去除茎和枝)与仅去除茎材。目的评价两种采伐方式对高氮沉降荷兰森林养分去除的影响。方法采用荷兰7种主要树种,即日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi Lamb.)、挪威云杉(Picea abies L. Karst.)、花旗松(Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.)、苏地松(Pinus sylvestris L.)、白桦(Betula pendula Roth)、山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)和栎树(Quercus robur L.),测定其茎材和枝材中的营养物质浓度。茎中的平均营养物质浓度基于心材、边材和树皮的测量浓度以及这些隔室的估计体积和密度。同样,树枝中的平均营养物质浓度是基于粗枝、细枝和粗枝树皮的测量浓度以及这些隔室的估计体积和密度。利用这些树种在荷兰营养贫乏的沙质土壤上的平均生长率来评估清除效果。结果与其他国家相比,荷兰茎秆中氮含量较高,而茎秆和枝条中磷、钙、钾和镁含量几乎总是较低。荷兰长期氮沉降水平的升高最有可能促成这一发现,因为氮沉降导致土壤酸化,减少了钙、钾、镁和磷的可用性,这可能会限制生长。可持续收获的限度取决于养分、土壤类型和树种,并主要由钾和磷决定,有时由钙决定,在贫瘠的沙质土壤上,特别是阔叶物种,在相对较低的收获水平上,钾和磷可能已经耗尽,而镁不太可能耗尽。然而,荷兰森林的平均生长似乎比欧洲大多数其他国家略高。综上所述,随着N沉降量的增加,茎材和枝材中磷、钙、镁和钾的有效度受到限制,但在生长过程中并未发生变化。关键信息对荷兰7种主要树种的树室养分浓度进行了评估。茎和枝中的磷、钙、钾和镁(碱阳离子)浓度大多低于其他国家,而氮浓度较高。长期的氮沉积可能导致了这些差异。尽管磷和碱阳离子的可用性较低,但平均生长并未下降。建议在养分贫乏的土壤上限制枝材的采伐,以避免磷和碱阳离子的耗竭。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Impacts of harvesting methods on nutrient removal in Dutch forests exposed to high-nitrogen deposition

Impacts of harvesting methods on nutrient removal in Dutch forests exposed to high-nitrogen deposition

Context

Forest harvest removal may cause nutrient depletion of soils, when removal of essential nutrients, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) exceeds their net input by deposition and weImpacts of acid atmospheric deposition on woodland athering minus leaching. Nutrient removal by harvest depends on tree species and the harvesting method, i.e. whole-tree harvesting (removal of stems and branches) versus stem wood removal only.

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of these two harvesting methods on nutrient removal in Dutch forests exposed to high-nitrogen deposition.

Methods

To assess those impacts, we measured nutrient concentrations in stem wood and branch wood of seven major tree species in the Netherlands, i.e. Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and common oak (Quercus robur L.). Average nutrient concentrations in stems were based on measured concentrations in heartwood, sapwood and bark and estimated volumes and densities of these compartments. Similarly, average nutrient concentrations in branches were based on measured concentrations in coarse branches, fine branches and the bark of coarse branches and estimated volumes and densities of these compartments. Removal was assessed by using the average growth rates of these tree species on nutrient poor sandy soils in the Netherlands.

Results

Compared to other countries, N concentrations in the Netherlands were higher in stems, while phosphorus, Ca, K and Mg concentrations in both stems and branches were nearly always lower. The elevated long-term N deposition levels in the Netherlands most likely contribute to this finding, since N deposition causes soil acidification reducing the availability of Ca, K, Mg and P, that could become limiting to growth. Limits for sustainable harvest, above which outputs exceed inputs of nutrients, depend on nutrient, soil type and tree species and are mostly determined by K and P and sometimes Ca, which may already be depleted at relatively low harvest levels on poor sandy soils, in particular for broadleaved species, while depletion of Mg is not likely. Nevertheless, the average growth of forests in the Netherlands appears to be slightly higher than in most other countries in Europe.

Conclusion

Overall, we thus conclude that limited P, Ca, Mg and K availability in response to elevated N deposition is reflected in reduced contents of these nutrients in stem wood and branch wood but not in growth.

Key message

Nutrient concentrations in tree compartments were assessed for seven major tree species in the Netherlands. Concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium (base cations) in stems and branches are mostly lower compared to those in other countries, while nitrogen concentrations are higher. A long-term nitrogen deposition has likely contributed to these differences. The average growth has not declined, despite the low availability of phosphorus and base cations. Limiting the harvest of branch wood is suggested on nutrient poor soils to avoid depletion of phosphorus and base cations.

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来源期刊
Annals of Forest Science
Annals of Forest Science 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Forest Science is an official publication of the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) -Up-to-date coverage of current developments and trends in forest research and forestry Topics include ecology and ecophysiology, genetics and improvement, tree physiology, wood quality, and silviculture -Formerly known as Annales des Sciences Forestières -Biology of trees and associated organisms (symbionts, pathogens, pests) -Forest dynamics and ecosystem processes under environmental or management drivers (ecology, genetics) -Risks and disturbances affecting forest ecosystems (biology, ecology, economics) -Forestry wood chain (tree breeding, forest management and productivity, ecosystem services, silviculture and plantation management) -Wood sciences (relationships between wood structure and tree functions, and between forest management or environment and wood properties)
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