海侵-回归旋回驱动埃迪卡拉-寒武纪岩石与化石记录的对比

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Paleobiology Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI:10.1017/pab.2023.31
Daniel C. Segessenman, Shanan E. Peters
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引用次数: 0

摘要

埃迪卡拉纪地层(635-538.8 Ma)产生了地质记录中已知最古老的复杂宏观生物化石。这些“埃迪卡拉型”大型化石(被称为埃迪卡拉生物群)首先出现在埃迪卡拉纪中期地层中,在埃迪卡拉纪末期经历了明显的衰退,并直接先于寒武纪(538.8-485.4 Ma)的动物辐射。关于埃迪卡拉动物群起源和消亡的现有假说包括:海洋氧化还原状态的变化、寒武纪动物群的替代以及环境变化导致的大灭绝。尽管显生宙宏观演化模式与沉积岩数量的共变已被充分证明,但从沉积岩记录的角度来确定埃迪卡拉纪和寒武纪宏观演化趋势的研究很少。本文对北美洲埃迪卡拉-寒武纪的岩石和来自Macrostrat和古生物数据库的化石记录进行了定量分析。从埃迪卡拉纪晚期到寒武纪晚期,海相沉积岩的数量几乎是单调递增的,递增幅度超过五倍。埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪化石数量表现出类似的轨迹,具有强烈的(rs >0.8)与海相沉积面积和体积通量在多个时间分辨率上正相关。即便如此,与寒武纪相比,埃迪卡拉纪的化石数量还是大大减少了,如果将保存的海相岩石的数量标准化的话。尽管这些结果的某些方面与简单的化石保存引起的抽样偏差的预期一致,但它们共同表明,海侵-回归和海洋陆架环境的大规模扩张与沉积岩和化石记录中明显的动物多样化的戏剧性转变相吻合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Transgression–regression cycles drive correlations in Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records
Strata of the Ediacaran Period (635–538.8 Ma) yield the oldest known fossils of complex, macroscopic organisms in the geologic record. These “Ediacaran-type” macrofossils (known as the Ediacaran biota) first appear in mid-Ediacaran strata, experience an apparent decline through the terminal Ediacaran, and directly precede the Cambrian (538.8–485.4 Ma) radiation of animals. Existing hypotheses for the origin and demise of the Ediacaran biota include: changing oceanic redox states, biotic replacement by succeeding Cambrian-type fauna, and mass extinction driven by environmental change. Few studies frame trends in Ediacaran and Cambrian macroevolution from the perspective of the sedimentary rock record, despite well-documented Phanerozoic covariation of macroevolutionary patterns and sedimentary rock quantity. Here we present a quantitative analysis of North American Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records from Macrostrat and the Paleobiology Database. Marine sedimentary rock quantity increases nearly monotonically and by more than a factor of five from the latest Ediacaran to the late Cambrian. Ediacaran–Cambrian fossil quantities exhibit a comparable trajectory and have strong (rs > 0.8) positive correlations with marine sedimentary area and volume flux at multiple temporal resolutions. Even so, Ediacaran fossil quantities are dramatically reduced in comparison to the Cambrian when normalized by the quantity of preserved marine rock. Although aspects of these results are consistent with the expectations of a simple fossil preservation–induced sampling bias, together they suggest that transgression–regression and a large expansion of marine shelf environments coincided with the diversification of animals during a dramatic transition that is starkly evident in both the sedimentary rock and fossil records.
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来源期刊
Paleobiology
Paleobiology 地学-古生物学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.70%
发文量
38
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Paleobiology publishes original contributions of any length (but normally 10-50 manuscript pages) dealing with any aspect of biological paleontology. Emphasis is placed on biological or paleobiological processes and patterns, including macroevolution, extinction, diversification, speciation, functional morphology, bio-geography, phylogeny, paleoecology, molecular paleontology, taphonomy, natural selection and patterns of variation, abundance, and distribution in space and time, among others. Taxonomic papers are welcome if they have significant and broad applications. Papers concerning research on recent organisms and systems are appropriate if they are of particular interest to paleontologists. Papers should typically interest readers from more than one specialty. Proposals for symposium volumes should be discussed in advance with the editors.
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