Exploring Liposomal Systems for Gallic Acid and Tannic Acid Delivery: Potential Strategies to Address Inflammation and Infections in Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Recipients

Introduction

Pediatric heart failure imposes a significant health burden, necessitating effective interventions. Left ventricular assist devices (VADs) have emerged as crucial tools for circulatory support in advanced pediatric heart failure cases. However, VAD implantation brings forth the challenge of infections and inflammation, impacting patient outcomes. In this study, we explore the potential of two types pf pharmaceutical formulations, liposomal carriers loaded with gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) to address these issues.

Methods

Liposomes encapsulating GA and TA were prepared using thin-film hydration. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy against a dual bacterial system composed of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) was assessed. The impact on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) viability, intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1) expression, monocyte attachment, and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) production were analyzed.

Results

Both TA- and GA-loaded liposomes demonstrated uniform shape with size around 250 nm. TA-loaded liposomes exhibited superior antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against the dual bacteria system compared to GA-loaded liposomes. GA-loaded liposomes significantly improved HAEC viability but TA-liposomes did not substantially enhance cell viability. Both liposomal interventions reduced LPS-induced IL-6 production, ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte attachment on HAECs.

Conclusion

This study highlights the multifaceted potential of GA and TA-liposomes in addressing infections and inflammation associated with pediatric VAD implantation.