Evaluating Social Support and T2D Risk Factors Among Members of Rural-Dwelling Grandparent-Headed Households.

Purpose: This study examines the associations of social support and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors among members of rural-dwelling, grandparent-headed households (GHH).

Methods: Prospective data were collected from rural-dwelling members of GHH with no known diagnosis of T2D. Data collected on family characteristics, T2D clinical risk factors, and social support were assessed.

Results: Sixty-six grandparents and 72 grandchildren participated in the study. The average age and HbA1Cs were 59.4 years and 6.2% ± 1.4 for grandparents and 11.8 years and 4.9% ± 0.6 for grandchildren. Most grandparents were found to have prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes. The number of people living in GHHs was associated with grandparents' triglycerides, HDL, and BMI. Average social support scores among grandparents suggested moderately high perceived social support (79 ± 3.4). For grandchildren, social support from grandparents was associated with diastolic blood pressure and HbA1C, whereas support from teachers, classmates, and close friends was associated with HbA1C and BMI in grandchildren.

Implications: This study shows that grandparent caregivers are at an increased risk for T2D. Perceived social support between grandparents and grandchildren influences T2D risk factors. However, social support provided by peers, teachers, and close friends is also associated with T2D risk factors in grandchildren. These findings support the use of family-based diabetes prevention programming, peer support, and school settings as mechanisms for interventions to reduce T2D in adolescents, particularly those within GHHs.