Identification of potential anti-hyperglycemic compounds in Cordyceps militaris ethyl acetate extract: in vitro and in silico studies.

Cordyceps militaris has been long known for valuable health benefits by folk experience and was recently reported with diabetes-tackling evidences, thus deserving extending efforts on screening for component-activity relationship. In this study, experiments were carried out to find the evidence, justification, and input for computations on the potential against diabetes-related protein structures: PDB-4W93, PDB-3W37, and PDB-4A3A. Liquid chromatography identified 14 bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract (1-14) and quantified the contents of cordycepin (0.11%) and adenosine (0.01%). Bioassays revealed the overall potential of the extract against α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 6.443 ± 0.364 mg.mL^-1) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 2.580 ± 0.194 mg.mL^-1). A combination of different computational platforms was used to select the most promising candidates for applications as anti-diabetic bio-inhibitors, i.e. 1 (ground state: -888.49715 a.u.; dipole moment 3.779 Debye; $\overline{\text{DS}}$ -12.3 kcal.mol^-1; polarizability 34.7 ų; logP - 1.30), 10 (ground state: -688.52406 a.u.; dipole moment 5.487 Debye; $\overline{\text{DS}}$ -12.6 kcal.mol^-1; polarizability 24.9 ų; logP - 3.39), and 12 (ground state: -1460.07276 a.u.; dipole moment 3.976 Debye; $\overline{\text{DS}}$ -12.5 kcal.mol^-1; polarizability 52.4 ų; logP - 4.39). The results encourage further experimental tests on cordycepin (1), mannitol (10), and adenosylribose (12) to validate their in-practice diabetes-related activities, thus conducive to hypoglycemic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.