{"title":"美丽的青年mädchenköpfe”:性别和“天才”在卢ANDREAS-SALOMÉ’S儿女","authors":"Marlen Mairhofer","doi":"10.1111/glal.12349","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In her essay ‘Der Mensch als Weib’ (1899) Lou Andreas-Salomé compares women to trees: both produce their ‘fruit’ unintentionally. This comparison seems to allow very little scope for active female creativity, let alone ingenuity. Closer inspection, however, reveals a more differentiated view of questions of gender and creativity. By bringing biology together with psychology and outlining the differences between male and female desire, Salomé establishes the feminine as an entity in its own right. Although she denies the existence of female genius, women and geniuses suspiciously seem to have a lot in common in her writing: both embody a heightened self-sufficiency through their very essence. Characters who illustrate the complex relations between self-fulfilment, desire and creativity can be found throughout Salomé’s literary work; I take as my example here the early ‘Novellencyclus’ <i>Menschenkinder</i> (1899). Hans Holtema (‘Mädchenreigen’), Hildegard (‘Das Paradies’) and Irene von Geyern (‘Zurück ans All’) possess skills that can best be described as <i>ingenium</i>, an innate gift, which is often seen as a challenge by their (male) surroundings. Rather than offering dogmatic answers, Salomé’s novellas as well as her theoretical work around 1900 emphasise the richness of debates about gender and genius.</p>","PeriodicalId":54012,"journal":{"name":"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/glal.12349","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"‘SCHÖNE JUGENDLICHE MÄDCHENKÖPFE’: GENDER AND ‘GENIE’ IN LOU ANDREAS-SALOMÉ’S MENSCHENKINDER\",\"authors\":\"Marlen Mairhofer\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/glal.12349\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>In her essay ‘Der Mensch als Weib’ (1899) Lou Andreas-Salomé compares women to trees: both produce their ‘fruit’ unintentionally. This comparison seems to allow very little scope for active female creativity, let alone ingenuity. Closer inspection, however, reveals a more differentiated view of questions of gender and creativity. By bringing biology together with psychology and outlining the differences between male and female desire, Salomé establishes the feminine as an entity in its own right. Although she denies the existence of female genius, women and geniuses suspiciously seem to have a lot in common in her writing: both embody a heightened self-sufficiency through their very essence. Characters who illustrate the complex relations between self-fulfilment, desire and creativity can be found throughout Salomé’s literary work; I take as my example here the early ‘Novellencyclus’ <i>Menschenkinder</i> (1899). Hans Holtema (‘Mädchenreigen’), Hildegard (‘Das Paradies’) and Irene von Geyern (‘Zurück ans All’) possess skills that can best be described as <i>ingenium</i>, an innate gift, which is often seen as a challenge by their (male) surroundings. Rather than offering dogmatic answers, Salomé’s novellas as well as her theoretical work around 1900 emphasise the richness of debates about gender and genius.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54012,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-05-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/glal.12349\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/glal.12349\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"文学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/glal.12349","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
在她1899年的文章《男人也是女人》(Der Mensch als Weib)中,Lou andreas- salom把女人比作树:两者都是无意中结出“果实”的。这种比较似乎没有给活跃的女性创造力留下多少空间,更不用说独创性了。然而,仔细观察就会发现,对性别和创造力问题的看法更加不同。通过将生物学和心理学结合在一起,勾勒出男性和女性欲望之间的差异,salom确立了女性作为一个独立实体的地位。尽管她否认女性天才的存在,但令人怀疑的是,在她的作品中,女性和天才似乎有很多共同之处:两者都通过自身的本质体现了高度的自给自足。在萨洛梅斯的文学作品中,我们可以找到阐释自我实现、欲望和创造力之间复杂关系的人物;我在这里以早期的《新百科全书》门申金德(1899)为例。Hans Holtema(“Mädchenreigen”)、Hildegard(“Das Paradies”)和Irene von Geyern(“zur ck和All”)所拥有的技能可以用“ingenium”来形容,这是一种天生的天赋,通常被他们(男性)周围的环境视为一种挑战。salom的中篇小说和1900年左右的理论著作并没有给出教条主义的答案,而是强调了关于性别和天才的丰富辩论。
‘SCHÖNE JUGENDLICHE MÄDCHENKÖPFE’: GENDER AND ‘GENIE’ IN LOU ANDREAS-SALOMÉ’S MENSCHENKINDER
In her essay ‘Der Mensch als Weib’ (1899) Lou Andreas-Salomé compares women to trees: both produce their ‘fruit’ unintentionally. This comparison seems to allow very little scope for active female creativity, let alone ingenuity. Closer inspection, however, reveals a more differentiated view of questions of gender and creativity. By bringing biology together with psychology and outlining the differences between male and female desire, Salomé establishes the feminine as an entity in its own right. Although she denies the existence of female genius, women and geniuses suspiciously seem to have a lot in common in her writing: both embody a heightened self-sufficiency through their very essence. Characters who illustrate the complex relations between self-fulfilment, desire and creativity can be found throughout Salomé’s literary work; I take as my example here the early ‘Novellencyclus’ Menschenkinder (1899). Hans Holtema (‘Mädchenreigen’), Hildegard (‘Das Paradies’) and Irene von Geyern (‘Zurück ans All’) possess skills that can best be described as ingenium, an innate gift, which is often seen as a challenge by their (male) surroundings. Rather than offering dogmatic answers, Salomé’s novellas as well as her theoretical work around 1900 emphasise the richness of debates about gender and genius.
期刊介绍:
- German Life and Letters was founded in 1936 by the distinguished British Germanist L.A. Willoughby and the publisher Basil Blackwell. In its first number the journal described its aim as "engagement with German culture in its widest aspects: its history, literature, religion, music, art; with German life in general". German LIfe and Letters has continued over the decades to observe its founding principles of providing an international and interdisciplinary forum for scholarly analysis of German culture past and present. The journal appears four times a year, and a typical number contains around eight articles of between six and eight thousand words each.