Infection bactérienne maternofœtale

Numerous recommendations have been addressed this past decade in relation with the frequency and severity of bacterial infections of the newborn induced by maternal-fœtal contamination. They are principally aimed at promoting the Streptococcus agalactiae screening and its eradication by a per partum antibiotherapy. In this literature review we attempt to present a synthesis of the successive published French and American recommendations, with a focus on the related drawbacks: difficulty of application, maternal risk in relation with the antibiotherapy, i.e., the emergence of resistant Gram–bacteria, the neonatal risk, since the results of these strategies suggest their likeliness to be inefficacious (outbreak of bacteria-resistant neonatal infections, sepsis onset, use of antibiotherapies with wider spectrum, and increased rate of bacteria-resistant nosocomial infections). Finally we will consider the factors involved in the risk of infection, and propose some types of management.