Demystifying the experience of participating in a root cause analysis: A hermeneutic phenomenological study

Aim

This study aimed to explore registered nurses' experience participating in a root cause analysis (RCA) meeting because of their involvement in an adverse event.

Background

An RCA is the most common strategy used by organizations for adverse event investigations. Nursing healthcare professionals directly involved in an adverse event may be asked to participate in the RCA. However, no studies were found in the literature on their experience.

Methods

Semi-structured audio-taped interviews were held with 13 registered nurses who participated in an RCA. Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology guided data analysis.

Results

Two structural elements represented the world of the nurses: 1) Learning about an RCA, and 2) being on the other side of the RCA table. Three phenomenological themes emerged: 1) anticipatory and embodied fear, 2) to speak or not to speak, 3) the aftermath.

Conclusion

Nurses desire RCA education to assist in understanding and support from nurse leaders throughout the process. Healthcare organizations must create a safe and collaborative environment to empower nurses to speak up and have their voices heard during the RCA process.

Implications for nursing leaders

Nurses want to participate in RCA meetings. However, leaders must demystify the RCA process for nurses through education and training.